Extraterrestrial Life Genome Database Returns

In 2301 AD, the Department of Life Sciences of the Federal Republic of Space was studying the genome sequences of space organisms. As a result of recent research, it has become clear that the number of times a specific pattern appears in the genome sequence has a great influence on the properties of the organism.

The genome sequence of space organisms is represented by a character string consisting of uppercase letters. Researchers have decided to count how many times a particular pattern appears in a genomic sequence. However, since the genome sequence of space organisms is very long, the substrings with repetitions are compressed and stored in the database by the method described later.

Your job is to create a program that counts the number of occurrences of the string Q from the compressed genomic sequence S. However, the appearance of Q is counted as another appearance even if there is an overlapping part, as long as the start position is different. For example, ISSI appears twice in MISSISSIPPI.

The method of compressing the genome sequence is defined by the following BNF.

> <Genome> :: = <Letter> | <Number> <Letter> | <Number> (<Genome>) | <Genome> <Genome> <Letter> :: ='A' |'B' |… |' Z'<Number> :: = <Digit> | <Number> '0' | <Number> <Digit> <Digit> :: = '1' | '2' |… | '9'

Here, the integer prefixed to the character string indicates that the character string is repeated that number of times. For example, 5A stands for AAAAA and 2 (AB) stands for ABAB. If there is no parenthesis immediately after the integer, only the one character immediately after it is repeated. For example, 2AB stands for AAB. The iterations can be nested multiple times, and 2 (2 (AB) C) is the same as 2 (ABABC) and represents ABABCABABC.

Input

The input consists of up to 50 datasets. Each dataset is represented in the following format.

> S Q

The first line of each dataset is the string S, which represents the compressed genomic sequence. According to the above BNF, S has a length of 1 or more and 3000 characters or less. The length of the original genome sequence from which S was expanded is 1018 or less. The second line of each dataset is the string Q to be counted. Q consists of uppercase letters and is 1 or more and 3000 characters or less in length.

The end of the input is represented by a line containing only one character,'#'.

Output

For each dataset, output how many times Q appears in the expanded string of S.

Sample Input

MI2 (2SI) 2PI
ISSI
100 (100 (JAG))
JAG
1000000000000000000A
AAAAA

Output for the Sample Input

2
10000
999999999999999996

Example

Input

MI2(2SI)2PI
ISSI
100(100(JAG))
JAG
1000000000000000000A
AAAAA
#

Output

2
10000
999999999999999996


Range Count Query

Given the sequence a_1, a_2, .., a_N.

In the query, answer the number of terms whose value is l or more and r or less.

input

N Q
a_1 a_2 ... a_N
l_1 r_1
l_2 r_2
::
l_q r_q

output

ans_1
ans_2
::
ans_q

On line i, output the answer to the i-th query, that is, the number of j such as l_i \ leq a_j \ leq r_i.

Constraint

* 1 \ leq N, Q \ leq 10 ^ 5
* 1 \ leq a_i \ leq 10 ^ 9
* 1 \ leq l_i \ leq r_i \ leq 10 ^ 9

Input example

6 3
8 6 9 1 2 1
2 8
1 7
3 5

Output example

3
Four
0

Example

Input

6 3
8 6 9 1 2 1
2 8
1 7
3 5

Output

3
4
0


Write a program which manipulates a sequence A = {a0, a1, . . . , an-1} with the following operations:

* find(s, t): report the minimum element in as, as+1, . . . ,at.
* update(i, x): change ai to x.

Note that the initial values of ai (i = 0, 1, . . . , n−1) are 231-1.

Constraints

* 1 ≤ n ≤ 100000
* 1 ≤ q ≤ 100000
* If comi is 0, then 0 ≤ xi < n, 0 ≤ yi < 231-1.
* If comi is 1, then 0 ≤ xi < n, 0 ≤ yi < n.

Input

n q
com0 x0 y0
com1 x1 y1
...
comq−1 xq−1 yq−1

In the first line, n (the number of elements in A) and q (the number of queries) are given. Then, q queries are given where com represents the type of queries. '0' denotes update(xi, yi) and '1' denotes find(xi, yi).

Output

For each find operation, print the minimum element.

Examples

Input

3 5
0 0 1
0 1 2
0 2 3
1 0 2
1 1 2

Output

1
2

Input

1 3
1 0 0
0 0 5
1 0 0

Output

2147483647
5


Amy is a bright kid. She recently learnt the numbers from 0 to 9, and spends all her time these days, trying to write larger numbers. One day she wrote a number on a paper, and turned it upside down. It surprised and amazed her that the writing on the paper still made sense.
So, now she has created a game for herself, where she writes numbers and looks at them upside down to see if it still is valid. Help Amy in this game.

Input
For each of t testcases,
Given a number n, find if it is valid while being viewed upside down.

Output
If the number is valid print YES followed by the new number in the next line. Else print NO.

Constraints
1<=n<=10^50
1<=t<=1000

Example

Input:
2
1968086
12345678

Output:
YES
9808961
NO


Given an integer N. Integers A and B are chosen randomly in the range [1..N]. Calculate the probability that the Greatest Common Divisor(GCD) of A and B equals to B.

Input
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows. Each test case consists of a single integer N on a separate line.

Output
For each test case, output a single line containing probability as an irreducible fraction.

Example
Input:
3
1
2
3

Output:
1/1
3/4
5/9

Constraints

1<=T<=10^3
1<=N<=10^9


Alvin and Berto have gotten tired of eating chocolates, so now they have decided to eat candies instead.
Alvin has A apple candies, and Berto has B banana candies. (I know, they have weird tastes.) Alvin and Berto always wants the split of candies to be as fair as possible. The problem is, Alvin only wants apple candies and Berto only wants banana candies!
Here comes Chef to the rescue! Chef bought an infinite number of candy packs. There are two types of packs:

Packs containing exactly C apple candies.
Packs containing exactly D banana candies.

Chef wants to give some (could be zero) apple candy packs to Alvin and some (could be zero) banana candy packs to Berto in such a way that the absolute difference between the number of candies they have is minimized. What is this minimum absolute difference?
Note that Chef doesn't want to open any pack; he gives each pack in full.

Input
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
Each test case consists of a single line containing four integers A, B, C, and D separated by single spaces.

Output
For each test case, output a single line containing a single integer, the minimum absolute difference between the number of candies they can have.

Constraints

1 ≤ T ≤ 10^4
1 ≤ A, B, C, D ≤ 10^14

Example
Input:
2
1 5 10 3
1 2 2 2

Output:
0
1

Explanation
Example case 1. In this test case, Alvin has 1 candy and Berto has 5. The apple candies come in packs of 10, and the banana ones come in packs of 3. In this situation, Chef can make them equal by giving 1 pack of 10 to Alvin and 2 packs of 3 to Berto, so they now have 1 + 10 = 5 + 3 + 3 = 11 candies each.
Example case 2. In this test case, Alvin has 1 candy and Berto has 2. The apple and banana candies come in packs of 2. In this situation, the number of candies of Alvin is always odd, and the number of candies of Berto is always even, so Chef cannot make them equal. The minimum difference is 1, which Chef can achieve by not giving any packs at all.


Rohit dreams he is in a shop with an infinite amount of marbles. He is allowed to select n marbles. There are marbles of k different colors. From each color there are also infinitely many marbles. Rohit wants to have at least one marble of each color, but still there are a lot of possibilities for his selection. In his effort to make a decision he wakes up.
Now he asks you how many possibilities for his selection he would have had.
Assume that marbles of equal color can't be distinguished, and the order of the marbles is irrelevant.

Input

The first line of input contains a number T ≤ 100 that indicates the number of test cases to follow. Each test case consists of one line containing n and k, where n is the number of marbles Rohit selects and k is the number of different colors of the marbles. You can assume that 1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 1000000.

Output

For each test case print the number of possibilities that Rohit would have had.
You can assume that this number fits into a signed 64 bit integer.

Example
Input:
2
10 10
30 7

Output:
1
475020


A Quad is a data container that consists of 4 bits, represented by a hexadecimal number. It has 2 halves - the upper half and the lower half.
Consider a binary number with digits B1,B2,B3,B4 where B1 is the most significant digit and B4 is the least significant digit. The upper half consists of bits B1 and B2, and the lower half consists of bits B3 and B4.
Upper half:         B1 B2
Lower half:   B3 B4
Multiple Quads are placed together, contiguously, from left to right.
Let the binary number formed by contiguously-placed upper halves of Quads be N1.
Let the binary number formed by contiguously-placed lower halves of Quads be N2.
For both N1 and N2, the rightmost digit is least significant and leftmost digit is most significant.
A QuadNumber is the sum of numbers N1 and N2.
If carry is obtained finally, it is to be ignored. Hence, print only 2*N least significant binary digits of the QuadNumber.
Given a set of contiguously placed Quads, find the QuadNumber (binary) formed by it.

Input
Input consists of 2 lines
The first line contains a single integer N, representing the number of digits in the Hexadecimal number.
The second line contains a contiguous set of Quads (hexadecimal numbers)
N
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 ... QN

Output
Print a single line containing the QuadNumber in binary.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 100000

Example
Input:
2
1A

Output:
1000

Input:
2
11

Output:
0101


While evaluating a expression of  N distinct factors i.e (A1 * A2 * ..... * An) , Chef wanted to know in how may ways this expression can be evaluated by parenthesizing two factors at a time.

Input
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases, for each test case enter the string with N distinct factors (eg xyz , qwerty ,etc)

Output
For each test case, output a single line with number of ways to evaluate the given expression.

Constraints

1 ≤ T ≤ 50
1 ≤ N ≤ 34

Example
Input:
2
ghjk
ab
Output:
5
1

Explanation
Case 1 :  expression ghjk can be evaluated in 5 ways i.e ((gh)j)k) , (g(h(jk)) , (g((hj)k)) , ((g(hj))k) & ((gh)(jk))
Case 2 :  expression ab can be evaluated in single way i.e. (ab)


There are two strings s and t, consisting only of letters a and b. You can make the following operation several times: choose a prefix of s, a prefix of t and swap them. Prefixes can be empty, also a prefix can coincide with a whole string.

Your task is to find a sequence of operations after which one of the strings consists only of a letters and the other consists only of b letters. The number of operations should be minimized.

Input

The first line contains a string s (1 ≤ |s| ≤ 2·105).

The second line contains a string t (1 ≤ |t| ≤ 2·105).

Here |s| and |t| denote the lengths of s and t, respectively. It is guaranteed that at least one of the strings contains at least one a letter and at least one of the strings contains at least one b letter.

Output

The first line should contain a single integer n (0 ≤ n ≤ 5·105) — the number of operations.

Each of the next n lines should contain two space-separated integers ai, bi — the lengths of prefixes of s and t to swap, respectively.

If there are multiple possible solutions, you can print any of them. It's guaranteed that a solution with given constraints exists.

Examples

Input

bab
bb

Output

2
1 0
1 3

Input

bbbb
aaa

Output

0

Note

In the first example, you can solve the problem in two operations:

  1. Swap the prefix of the first string with length 1 and the prefix of the second string with length 0. After this swap, you'll have strings ab and bbb.
  2. Swap the prefix of the first string with length 1 and the prefix of the second string with length 3. After this swap, you'll have strings bbbb and a.

In the second example, the strings are already appropriate, so no operations are needed.


There are n slimes in a row. Each slime has an integer value (possibly negative or zero) associated with it.

Any slime can eat its adjacent slime (the closest slime to its left or to its right, assuming that this slime exists).

When a slime with a value x eats a slime with a value y, the eaten slime disappears, and the value of the remaining slime changes to x - y.

The slimes will eat each other until there is only one slime left.

Find the maximum possible value of the last slime.

Input

The first line of the input contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 500 000) denoting the number of slimes.

The next line contains n integers a_i (-10^9 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9), where a_i is the value of i-th slime.

Output

Print an only integer — the maximum possible value of the last slime.

Examples

Input

4
2 1 2 1

Output

4

Input

5
0 -1 -1 -1 -1

Output

4

Note

In the first example, a possible way of getting the last slime with value 4 is:

  * Second slime eats the third slime, the row now contains slimes 2, -1, 1
  * Second slime eats the third slime, the row now contains slimes 2, -2
  * First slime eats the second slime, the row now contains 4

In the second example, the first slime can keep eating slimes to its right to end up with a value of 4.


You are given integers d and p, p is prime.

Also you have a mysterious device. It has memory cells, each contains an integer between 0 and p-1. Also two instructions are supported, addition and raising to the d-th power. Both are modulo p.

The memory cells are numbered 1, 2, ..., 5000. Initially cells 1 and 2 contain integers x and y, respectively (0 ⩽ x, y ≤ p - 1). All other cells contain 1s.

You can not directly access values in cells, and you don't know values of x and y (but you know they are written in first two cells). You mission, should you choose to accept it, is to write a program using the available instructions to obtain the product xy modulo p in one of the cells. You program should work for all possible x and y.

Addition instruction evaluates sum of values in two cells and writes it to third cell. This instruction is encoded by a string "+ e1 e2 to", which writes sum of values in cells e1 and e2 into cell to. Any values of e1, e2, to can coincide.

Second instruction writes the d-th power of a value in some cell to the target cell. This instruction is encoded by a string "^ e to". Values e and to can coincide, in this case value in the cell will be overwritten.

Last instruction is special, this is the return instruction, and it is encoded by a string "f target". This means you obtained values xy mod p in the cell target. No instructions should be called after this instruction.

Provide a program that obtains xy mod p and uses no more than 5000 instructions (including the return instruction).

It is guaranteed that, under given constrains, a solution exists.

Input

The first line contains space-separated integers d and p (2 ⩽ d ⩽ 10, d < p, 3 ⩽ p ⩽ 10^9 + 9, p is prime).

Output

Output instructions, one instruction per line in the above format. There should be no more than 5000 lines, and the last line should be the return instruction.

Note

This problem has no sample tests. A sample output is shown below. Note that this output is not supposed to be a solution to any testcase, and is there purely to illustrate the output format.

+ 1 1 3\\\ ^ 3 3\\\ + 3 2 2\\\ + 3 2 3\\\ ^ 3 1\\\ f 1

Here's a step-by-step runtime illustration:

$$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \texttt{} & \text{cell 1} & \text{cell 2} & \text{cell 3} \\\

\hline \text{initially} & x & y & 1 \\\ \hline \texttt{+ 1 1 3} & x & y & 2x \\\ \hline

\texttt{^ 3 3} & x & y & (2x)^d \\\ \hline

\texttt{+ 3 2 2} & x & y + (2x)^d & (2x)^d \\\ \hline

\texttt{+ 3 2 3} & x & y + (2x)^d & y + 2\cdot(2x)^d \\\ \hline

\texttt{^ 3 1} & (y + 2\cdot(2x)^d)^d & y + (2x)^d & y + 2\cdot(2x)^d \\\ \hline

\end{array}$$$

Suppose that d = 2 and p = 3. Since for x = 0 and y = 1 the returned result is 1 ≠ 0 ⋅ 1 mod 3, this program would be judged as incorrect.


Polycarp's phone book contains n phone numbers, each of them is described by s_i — the number itself and m_i — the number of times Polycarp dials it in daily.

Polycarp has just bought a brand new phone with an amazing speed dial feature! More precisely, k buttons on it can have a number assigned to it (not necessary from the phone book). To enter some number Polycarp can press one of these k buttons and then finish the number using usual digit buttons (entering a number with only digit buttons is also possible).

Speed dial button can only be used when no digits are entered. No button can have its number reassigned.

What is the minimal total number of digit number presses Polycarp can achieve after he assigns numbers to speed dial buttons and enters each of the numbers from his phone book the given number of times in an optimal way?

Input

The first line contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ n ≤ 500, 1 ≤ k ≤ 10) — the amount of numbers in Polycarp's phone book and the number of speed dial buttons his new phone has.

The i-th of the next n lines contain a string s_i and an integer m_i (1 ≤ m_i ≤ 500), where s_i is a non-empty string of digits from 0 to 9 inclusive (the i-th number), and m_i is the amount of times it will be dialed, respectively.

It is guaranteed that the total length of all phone numbers will not exceed 500.

Output

Print a single integer — the minimal total number of digit number presses Polycarp can achieve after he assigns numbers to speed dial buttons and enters each of the numbers from his phone book the given number of times in an optimal way.

Examples

Input

3 1
0001 5
001 4
01 1

Output

14

Input

3 1
0001 5
001 6
01 1

Output

18

Note

The only speed dial button in the first example should have "0001" on it. The total number of digit button presses will be 0 ⋅ 5 for the first number + 3 ⋅ 4 for the second + 2 ⋅ 1 for the third. 14 in total.

The only speed dial button in the second example should have "00" on it. The total number of digit button presses will be 2 ⋅ 5 for the first number + 1 ⋅ 6 for the second + 2 ⋅ 1 for the third. 18 in total.


You are given an integer sequence 1, 2, ..., n. You have to divide it into two sets A and B in such a way that each element belongs to exactly one set and |sum(A) - sum(B)| is minimum possible.

The value |x| is the absolute value of x and sum(S) is the sum of elements of the set S.

Input

The first line of the input contains one integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^9).

Output

Print one integer — the minimum possible value of |sum(A) - sum(B)| if you divide the initial sequence 1, 2, ..., n into two sets A and B.

Examples

Input

3

Output

0

Input

5

Output

1

Input

6

Output

1

Note

Some (not all) possible answers to examples:

In the first example you can divide the initial sequence into sets A = \{1, 2\} and B = \{3\} so the answer is 0.

In the second example you can divide the initial sequence into sets A = \{1, 3, 4\} and B = \{2, 5\} so the answer is 1.

In the third example you can divide the initial sequence into sets A = \{1, 4, 5\} and B = \{2, 3, 6\} so the answer is 1.


You are given an array of n integers: a_1, a_2, …, a_n. Your task is to find some non-zero integer d (-10^3 ≤ d ≤ 10^3) such that, after each number in the array is divided by d, the number of positive numbers that are presented in the array is greater than or equal to half of the array size (i.e., at least ⌈n/2⌉). Note that those positive numbers do not need to be an integer (e.g., a 2.5 counts as a positive number). If there are multiple values of d that satisfy the condition, you may print any of them. In case that there is no such d, print a single integer 0.

Recall that ⌈ x ⌉ represents the smallest integer that is not less than x and that zero (0) is neither positive nor negative.

Input

The first line contains one integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100) — the number of elements in the array.

The second line contains n space-separated integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (-10^3 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^3).

Output

Print one integer d (-10^3 ≤ d ≤ 10^3 and d ≠ 0) that satisfies the given condition. If there are multiple values of d that satisfy the condition, you may print any of them. In case that there is no such d, print a single integer 0.

Examples

Input

5
10 0 -7 2 6

Output

4

Input

7
0 0 1 -1 0 0 2

Output

0

Note

In the first sample, n = 5, so we need at least ⌈5/2⌉ = 3 positive numbers after division. If d = 4, the array after division is [2.5, 0, -1.75, 0.5, 1.5], in which there are 3 positive numbers (namely: 2.5, 0.5, and 1.5).

In the second sample, there is no valid d, so 0 should be printed.


One day Alice was cleaning up her basement when she noticed something very curious: an infinite set of wooden pieces! Each piece was made of five square tiles, with four tiles adjacent to the fifth center tile:

<image> By the pieces lay a large square wooden board. The board is divided into n^2 cells arranged into n rows and n columns. Some of the cells are already occupied by single tiles stuck to it. The remaining cells are free.

Alice started wondering whether she could fill the board completely using the pieces she had found. Of course, each piece has to cover exactly five distinct cells of the board, no two pieces can overlap and every piece should fit in the board entirely, without some parts laying outside the board borders. The board however was too large for Alice to do the tiling by hand. Can you help determine if it's possible to fully tile the board?

Input

The first line of the input contains a single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 50) — the size of the board.

The following n lines describe the board. The i-th line (1 ≤ i ≤ n) contains a single string of length n. Its j-th character (1 ≤ j ≤ n) is equal to "." if the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column is free; it is equal to "#" if it's occupied.

You can assume that the board contains at least one free cell.

Output

Output YES if the board can be tiled by Alice's pieces, or NO otherwise. You can print each letter in any case (upper or lower).

Examples

Input

3
#.#
...
#.#

Output

YES

Input

4
##.#
#...
####
##.#

Output

NO

Input

5
#.###
....#
#....
###.#
#####

Output

YES

Input

5
#.###
....#
#....
....#
#..##

Output

NO

Note

The following sketches show the example boards and their tilings if such tilings exist:

<image>


The only difference between easy and hard versions is constraints.

Nauuo is a girl who loves random picture websites.

One day she made a random picture website by herself which includes n pictures.

When Nauuo visits the website, she sees exactly one picture. The website does not display each picture with equal probability. The i-th picture has a non-negative weight w_i, and the probability of the i-th picture being displayed is \frac{w_i}{∑_{j=1}^nw_j}. That is to say, the probability of a picture to be displayed is proportional to its weight.

However, Nauuo discovered that some pictures she does not like were displayed too often.

To solve this problem, she came up with a great idea: when she saw a picture she likes, she would add 1 to its weight; otherwise, she would subtract 1 from its weight.

Nauuo will visit the website m times. She wants to know the expected weight of each picture after all the m visits modulo 998244353. Can you help her?

The expected weight of the i-th picture can be denoted by \frac {q_i} {p_i} where \gcd(p_i,q_i)=1, you need to print an integer r_i satisfying 0≤ r_i<998244353 and r_i⋅ p_i≡ q_i\pmod{998244353}. It can be proved that such r_i exists and is unique.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and m (1≤ n≤ 50, 1≤ m≤ 50) — the number of pictures and the number of visits to the website.

The second line contains n integers a_1,a_2,…,a_n (a_i is either 0 or 1) — if a_i=0 , Nauuo does not like the i-th picture; otherwise Nauuo likes the i-th picture. It is guaranteed that there is at least one picture which Nauuo likes.

The third line contains n integers w_1,w_2,…,w_n (1≤ w_i≤50) — the initial weights of the pictures.

Output

The output contains n integers r_1,r_2,…,r_n — the expected weights modulo 998244353.

Examples

Input

2 1
0 1
2 1

Output

332748119
332748119

Input

1 2
1
1

Output

3

Input

3 3
0 1 1
4 3 5

Output

160955686
185138929
974061117

Note

In the first example, if the only visit shows the first picture with a probability of \frac 2 3, the final weights are (1,1); if the only visit shows the second picture with a probability of \frac1 3, the final weights are (2,2).

So, both expected weights are \frac2 3⋅ 1+\frac 1 3⋅ 2=\frac4 3 .

Because 332748119⋅ 3≡ 4\pmod{998244353}, you need to print 332748119 instead of \frac4 3 or 1.3333333333.

In the second example, there is only one picture which Nauuo likes, so every time Nauuo visits the website, w_1 will be increased by 1.

So, the expected weight is 1+2=3.

Nauuo is very naughty so she didn't give you any hint of the third example.


Gaius Julius Caesar, a famous general, loved to line up his soldiers. Overall the army had n1 footmen and n2 horsemen. Caesar thought that an arrangement is not beautiful if somewhere in the line there are strictly more that k1 footmen standing successively one after another, or there are strictly more than k2 horsemen standing successively one after another. Find the number of beautiful arrangements of the soldiers.

Note that all n1 + n2 warriors should be present at each arrangement. All footmen are considered indistinguishable among themselves. Similarly, all horsemen are considered indistinguishable among themselves.

Input

The only line contains four space-separated integers n1, n2, k1, k2 (1 ≤ n1, n2 ≤ 100, 1 ≤ k1, k2 ≤ 10) which represent how many footmen and horsemen there are and the largest acceptable number of footmen and horsemen standing in succession, correspondingly.

Output

Print the number of beautiful arrangements of the army modulo 100000000 (108). That is, print the number of such ways to line up the soldiers, that no more than k1 footmen stand successively, and no more than k2 horsemen stand successively.

Examples

Input

2 1 1 10

Output

1

Input

2 3 1 2

Output

5

Input

2 4 1 1

Output

0

Note

Let's mark a footman as 1, and a horseman as 2.

In the first sample the only beautiful line-up is: 121

In the second sample 5 beautiful line-ups exist: 12122, 12212, 21212, 21221, 22121


You are given a sequence of n digits d_1d_2 ... d_{n}. You need to paint all the digits in two colors so that:

  * each digit is painted either in the color 1 or in the color 2;
  * if you write in a row from left to right all the digits painted in the color 1, and then after them all the digits painted in the color 2, then the resulting sequence of n digits will be non-decreasing (that is, each next digit will be greater than or equal to the previous digit).

For example, for the sequence d=914 the only valid coloring is 211 (paint in the color 1 two last digits, paint in the color 2 the first digit). But 122 is not a valid coloring (9 concatenated with 14 is not a non-decreasing sequence).

It is allowed that either of the two colors is not used at all. Digits painted in the same color are not required to have consecutive positions.

Find any of the valid ways to paint the given sequence of digits or determine that it is impossible to do.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10000) — the number of test cases in the input.

The first line of each test case contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2⋅10^5) — the length of a given sequence of digits.

The next line contains a sequence of n digits d_1d_2 ... d_{n} (0 ≤ d_i ≤ 9). The digits are written in a row without spaces or any other separators. The sequence can start with 0.

It is guaranteed that the sum of the values of n for all test cases in the input does not exceed 2⋅10^5.

Output

Print t lines — the answers to each of the test cases in the input.

If there is a solution for a test case, the corresponding output line should contain any of the valid colorings written as a string of n digits t_1t_2 ... t_n (1 ≤ t_i ≤ 2), where t_i is the color the i-th digit is painted in. If there are several feasible solutions, print any of them.

If there is no solution, then the corresponding output line should contain a single character '-' (the minus sign).

Example

Input

5
12
040425524644
1
0
9
123456789
2
98
3
987

Output

121212211211
1
222222222
21
-

Note

In the first test case, d=040425524644. The output t=121212211211 is correct because 0022444 (painted in 1) concatenated with 44556 (painted in 2) is 002244444556 which is a sorted sequence of n given digits.


Suppose there is a h × w grid consisting of empty or full cells. Let's make some definitions:

  * r_{i} is the number of consecutive full cells connected to the left side in the i-th row (1 ≤ i ≤ h). In particular, r_i=0 if the leftmost cell of the i-th row is empty.
  * c_{j} is the number of consecutive full cells connected to the top end in the j-th column (1 ≤ j ≤ w). In particular, c_j=0 if the topmost cell of the j-th column is empty.

In other words, the i-th row starts exactly with r_i full cells. Similarly, the j-th column starts exactly with c_j full cells.

<image> These are the r and c values of some 3 × 4 grid. Black cells are full and white cells are empty.

You have values of r and c. Initially, all cells are empty. Find the number of ways to fill grid cells to satisfy values of r and c. Since the answer can be very large, find the answer modulo 1000000007 (10^{9} + 7). In other words, find the remainder after division of the answer by 1000000007 (10^{9} + 7).

Input

The first line contains two integers h and w (1 ≤ h, w ≤ 10^{3}) — the height and width of the grid.

The second line contains h integers r_{1}, r_{2}, …, r_{h} (0 ≤ r_{i} ≤ w) — the values of r.

The third line contains w integers c_{1}, c_{2}, …, c_{w} (0 ≤ c_{j} ≤ h) — the values of c.

Output

Print the answer modulo 1000000007 (10^{9} + 7).

Examples

Input

3 4
0 3 1
0 2 3 0

Output

2

Input

1 1
0
1

Output

0

Input

19 16
16 16 16 16 15 15 0 5 0 4 9 9 1 4 4 0 8 16 12
6 12 19 15 8 6 19 19 14 6 9 16 10 11 15 4

Output

797922655

Note

In the first example, this is the other possible case.

<image>

In the second example, it's impossible to make a grid to satisfy such r, c values.

In the third example, make sure to print answer modulo (10^9 + 7).


The director of the famous dance show plans a tour. It is already decided that the tour will consist of up to m concerts.

There are n dancers in the troupe. Each dancer is characterized by her awkwardness: the awkwardness of the i-th dancer is equal to a_i.

The director likes diversity. For this reason, each concert will be performed by a different set of dancers. A dancer may perform in multiple concerts. For example, it is possible that a set of dancers performs in one concert and a subset of this set of dancers performs in another concert. The only constraint is that the same set of dancers cannot perform twice.

The director prefers the set with larger number of dancers over the set with smaller number of dancers. If two sets consist of the same number of dancers, then the director prefers the one which has smaller sum of awkwardness of dancers. If two sets of dancers are equal in size and total awkwardness, then the director does not have a preference which one is better.

A marketing study shows that viewers are not ready to come to a concert if the total awkwardness of all the dancers performing in the concert is greater than k.

The director wants to find the best plan for m concerts. He thinks to write down all possible sets of dancers; then get rid of the sets with total awkwardness greater than k. The remaining sets of dancers will be sorted according to his preference. The most preferred set of dancers will give the first concert, the second preferred set — the second concert and so on until the m-th concert. If it turns out that the total number of valid sets is less than m, then the total number of concerts will be equal to the number of valid sets.

It turns out that the director delegated finding the plan to you! Please, notice that there might be several acceptable plans due to the fact that the director does not have a preference over sets of dancers with the same size and total awkwardness. In this case any of these plans is good enough. For each concert find the number of dancers and the total awkwardness of the set performing. Also, for the last concert find its set of dancers.

Input

The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^5) — the number of test cases in the input. Then the test cases follow.

Each test case begins with a line containing three integers n, k and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^6, 1 ≤ k ≤ 10^{18}, 1 ≤ m ≤ 10^6) — the total number of dancers, the maximum acceptable awkwardness of a set of dancers and the maximum number of concerts, respectively.

The following line contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^{12}), where a_i is the awkwardness of the i-th dancer.

The sum of the values of n over all test cases in the input does not exceed 10^6. Similarly, the sum of the values of m over all test cases in the input does not exceed 10^6.

Output

Print the answers to all test cases in the input.

If the troupe cannot give concerts at all, then simply print one line "0". In this case, you should not print anything else.

If the troupe gives a positive number of concerts r (r is equal to the minimum of m and the total number of valid sets), then first print the value of r, then r lines: the j-th line should contain two integers s_j and t_j — the number of dancers in the j-th concert and the total awkwardness of the dancers performing in the j-th concert. Complete the output to a test case with a line that describes the last set: print exactly s_r distinct integers from 1 to n — the numbers of the dancers who will perform at the r-th (last) concert, in any order. If there are several answers, print any of them.

Example

Input

3
7 13 10
3 1 5 1 8 2 13
2 10 1
12 12
3 32 100000
2 1 5

Output

10
5 12
4 7
4 9
4 10
4 11
4 11
4 12
4 13
3 4
3 5
2 4 1
0
7
3 8
2 3
2 6
2 7
1 1
1 2
1 5
3


For an array a of integers let's denote its maximal element as max(a), and minimal as min(a). We will call an array a of k integers interesting if max(a) - min(a) ≥ k. For example, array [1, 3, 4, 3] isn't interesting as max(a) - min(a) = 4 - 1 = 3 < 4 while array [7, 3, 0, 4, 3] is as max(a) - min(a) = 7 - 0 = 7 ≥ 5.

You are given an array a of n integers. Find some interesting nonempty subarray of a, or tell that it doesn't exist.

An array b is a subarray of an array a if b can be obtained from a by deletion of several (possibly, zero or all) elements from the beginning and several (possibly, zero or all) elements from the end. In particular, an array is a subarray of itself.

Input

The first line contains integer number t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). Then t test cases follow.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (2≤ n ≤ 2⋅ 10^5) — the length of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output "NO" in a separate line if there is no interesting nonempty subarray in a.

Otherwise, output "YES" in a separate line. In the next line, output two integers l and r (1≤ l ≤ r ≤ n) — bounds of the chosen subarray. If there are multiple answers, print any.

You can print each letter in any case (upper or lower).

Example

Input

3
5
1 2 3 4 5
4
2 0 1 9
2
2019 2020

Output

NO
YES
1 4
NO

Note

In the second test case of the example, one of the interesting subarrays is a = [2, 0, 1, 9]: max(a) - min(a) = 9 - 0 = 9 ≥ 4.


[SIHanatsuka - EMber](https://soundcloud.com/hanatsuka/sihanatsuka-ember)

[SIHanatsuka - ATONEMENT](https://soundcloud.com/hanatsuka/sihanatsuka-atonement)

Back in time, the seven-year-old Nora used to play lots of games with her creation ROBO_Head-02, both to have fun and enhance his abilities.

One day, Nora's adoptive father, Phoenix Wyle, brought Nora n boxes of toys. Before unpacking, Nora decided to make a fun game for ROBO.

She labelled all n boxes with n distinct integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n and asked ROBO to do the following action several (possibly zero) times:

  * Pick three distinct indices i, j and k, such that a_i ∣ a_j and a_i ∣ a_k. In other words, a_i divides both a_j and a_k, that is a_j mod a_i = 0, a_k mod a_i = 0.
  * After choosing, Nora will give the k-th box to ROBO, and he will place it on top of the box pile at his side. Initially, the pile is empty.
  * After doing so, the box k becomes unavailable for any further actions.

Being amused after nine different tries of the game, Nora asked ROBO to calculate the number of possible different piles having the largest amount of boxes in them. Two piles are considered different if there exists a position where those two piles have different boxes.

Since ROBO was still in his infant stages, and Nora was still too young to concentrate for a long time, both fell asleep before finding the final answer. Can you help them?

As the number of such piles can be very large, you should print the answer modulo 10^9 + 7.

Input

The first line contains an integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 60), denoting the number of boxes.

The second line contains n distinct integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 60), where a_i is the label of the i-th box.

Output

Print the number of distinct piles having the maximum number of boxes that ROBO_Head can have, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Examples

Input

3
2 6 8

Output

2

Input

5
2 3 4 9 12

Output

4

Input

4
5 7 2 9

Output

1

Note

Let's illustrate the box pile as a sequence b, with the pile's bottommost box being at the leftmost position.

In the first example, there are 2 distinct piles possible:

  * b = [6] ([2, 6, 8] \xrightarrow{(1, 3, 2)} [2, 8])
  * b = [8] ([2, 6, 8] \xrightarrow{(1, 2, 3)} [2, 6])

In the second example, there are 4 distinct piles possible:

  * b = [9, 12] ([2, 3, 4, 9, 12] \xrightarrow{(2, 5, 4)} [2, 3, 4, 12] \xrightarrow{(1, 3, 4)} [2, 3, 4])
  * b = [4, 12] ([2, 3, 4, 9, 12] \xrightarrow{(1, 5, 3)} [2, 3, 9, 12] \xrightarrow{(2, 3, 4)} [2, 3, 9])
  * b = [4, 9] ([2, 3, 4, 9, 12] \xrightarrow{(1, 5, 3)} [2, 3, 9, 12] \xrightarrow{(2, 4, 3)} [2, 3, 12])
  * b = [9, 4] ([2, 3, 4, 9, 12] \xrightarrow{(2, 5, 4)} [2, 3, 4, 12] \xrightarrow{(1, 4, 3)} [2, 3, 12])

In the third sequence, ROBO can do nothing at all. Therefore, there is only 1 valid pile, and that pile is empty.


You are given a set of strings S. Each string consists of lowercase Latin letters.

For each string in this set, you want to calculate the minimum number of seconds required to type this string. To type a string, you have to start with an empty string and transform it into the string you want to type using the following actions:

  * if the current string is t, choose some lowercase Latin letter c and append it to the back of t, so the current string becomes t + c. This action takes 1 second;
  * use autocompletion. When you try to autocomplete the current string t, a list of all strings s ∈ S such that t is a prefix of s is shown to you. This list includes t itself, if t is a string from S, and the strings are ordered lexicographically. You can transform t into the i-th string from this list in i seconds. Note that you may choose any string from this list you want, it is not necessarily the string you are trying to type.

What is the minimum number of seconds that you have to spend to type each string from S?

Note that the strings from S are given in an unusual way.

Input

The first line contains one integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^6).

Then n lines follow, the i-th line contains one integer p_i (0 ≤ p_i < i) and one lowercase Latin character c_i. These lines form some set of strings such that S is its subset as follows: there are n + 1 strings, numbered from 0 to n; the 0-th string is an empty string, and the i-th string (i ≥ 1) is the result of appending the character c_i to the string p_i. It is guaranteed that all these strings are distinct.

The next line contains one integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ n) — the number of strings in S.

The last line contains k integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_k (1 ≤ a_i ≤ n, all a_i are pairwise distinct) denoting the indices of the strings generated by above-mentioned process that form the set S — formally, if we denote the i-th generated string as s_i, then S = {s_{a_1}, s_{a_2}, ..., s_{a_k}}.

Output

Print k integers, the i-th of them should be equal to the minimum number of seconds required to type the string s_{a_i}.

Examples

Input

10
0 i
1 q
2 g
0 k
1 e
5 r
4 m
5 h
3 p
3 e
5
8 9 1 10 6

Output

2 4 1 3 3

Input

8
0 a
1 b
2 a
2 b
4 a
4 b
5 c
6 d
5
2 3 4 7 8

Output

1 2 2 4 4

Note

In the first example, S consists of the following strings: ieh, iqgp, i, iqge, ier.


You are given a correct solution of the sudoku puzzle. If you don't know what is the sudoku, you can read about it [here](http://tiny.cc/636xmz).

The picture showing the correct sudoku solution:

<image>

Blocks are bordered with bold black color.

Your task is to change at most 9 elements of this field (i.e. choose some 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 9 and change the number at the position (i, j) to any other number in range [1; 9]) to make it anti-sudoku. The anti-sudoku is the 9 × 9 field, in which:

  * Any number in this field is in range [1; 9];
  * each row contains at least two equal elements;
  * each column contains at least two equal elements;
  * each 3 × 3 block (you can read what is the block in the link above) contains at least two equal elements.

It is guaranteed that the answer exists.

You have to answer t independent test cases.

Input

The first line of the input contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t test cases follow.

Each test case consists of 9 lines, each line consists of 9 characters from 1 to 9 without any whitespaces — the correct solution of the sudoku puzzle.

Output

For each test case, print the answer — the initial field with at most 9 changed elements so that the obtained field is anti-sudoku. If there are several solutions, you can print any. It is guaranteed that the answer exists.

Example

Input

1
154873296
386592714
729641835
863725149
975314628
412968357
631457982
598236471
247189563

Output

154873396
336592714
729645835
863725145
979314628
412958357
631457992
998236471
247789563


This is an interactive problem.

We have hidden an integer 1 ≤ X ≤ 10^{9}. You don't have to guess this number. You have to find the number of divisors of this number, and you don't even have to find the exact number: your answer will be considered correct if its absolute error is not greater than 7 or its relative error is not greater than 0.5. More formally, let your answer be ans and the number of divisors of X be d, then your answer will be considered correct if at least one of the two following conditions is true:

  * | ans - d | ≤ 7;
  * 1/2 ≤ ans/d ≤ 2.

You can make at most 22 queries. One query consists of one integer 1 ≤ Q ≤ 10^{18}. In response, you will get gcd(X, Q) — the greatest common divisor of X and Q.

The number X is fixed before all queries. In other words, interactor is not adaptive.

Let's call the process of guessing the number of divisors of number X a game. In one test you will have to play T independent games, that is, guess the number of divisors T times for T independent values of X.

Input

The first line of input contains one integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 100) — the number of games.

Interaction

To make a query print a line "? Q" (1 ≤ Q ≤ 10^{18}). After that read one integer gcd(X, Q). You can make no more than 22 such queries during one game.

If you are confident that you have figured out the number of divisors of X with enough precision, you can print your answer in "! ans" format. ans have to be an integer. If this was the last game, you have to terminate the program, otherwise you have to start the next game immediately. Note that the interactor doesn't print anything in response to you printing answer.

After printing a query do not forget to output end of line and flush the output. To do this, use:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++;
  * System.out.flush() in Java;
  * flush(output) in Pascal;
  * stdout.flush() in Python;
  * see documentation for other languages.

Hacks

To hack, use the following format:

The first line contains one integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 100) — the number of games.

Each of the next T lines contains one integer X (1 ≤ X ≤ 10^{9}) — the hidden number.

So the example has the form

    2
    998244353
    4194304

Example

Input

2

1

1

1

1024

1048576

4194304

Output

? 982306799268821872

? 230856864650023977

? 134690134760714371

! 5
? 1024

? 1048576

? 1073741824

! 42

Note

Why the limitation for number of queries is 22 exactly? Maybe the problem author is a Taylor Swift fan.

Let's look at the example.

In the first game X = 998 244 353 is hidden. Would be hard to guess this, right? This number is prime, so the number of its divisors is 2. The solution has made several random queries, and all the responses turned out to be 1 (strange things, not even one of three random numbers is divisible by 998 244 353). It's fare to assume that the hidden number doesn't have many divisors, so the solution has answered 5. Why not. This answer will be considered correct since | 5 - 2 | = 3 ≤ 7.

In the second game X = 4 194 304 = 2^{22} is hidden, it has 23 divisors. The solution has made queries 1024 = 2^{10}, 1 048 576 =2^{20}, 1 073 741 824 = 2^{30} and got responses 1024 = 2^{10}, 1 048 576 =2^{20}, 4 194 304 = 2^{22}, respectively. Then the solution got completely confused and answered the answer to The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything. This answer will be considered correct since 1/2 ≤ 42/23 ≤ 2.


Madeline has an array a of n integers. A pair (u, v) of integers forms an inversion in a if:

  * 1 ≤ u < v ≤ n.
  * a_u > a_v.

Madeline recently found a magical paper, which allows her to write two indices u and v and swap the values a_u and a_v. Being bored, she decided to write a list of pairs (u_i, v_i) with the following conditions:

  * all the pairs in the list are distinct and form an inversion in a.
  * all the pairs that form an inversion in a are in the list.
  * Starting from the given array, if you swap the values at indices u_1 and v_1, then the values at indices u_2 and v_2 and so on, then after all pairs are processed, the array a will be sorted in non-decreasing order.

Construct such a list or determine that no such list exists. If there are multiple possible answers, you may find any of them.

Input

The first line of the input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the length of the array.

Next line contains n integers a_1,a_2,...,a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — elements of the array.

Output

Print -1 if no such list exists. Otherwise in the first line you should print a single integer m (0 ≤ m ≤ (n(n-1))/(2)) — number of pairs in the list.

The i-th of the following m lines should contain two integers u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i < v_i≤ n).

If there are multiple possible answers, you may find any of them.

Examples

Input

3
3 1 2

Output

2
1 3
1 2

Input

4
1 8 1 6

Output

2
2 4
2 3

Input

5
1 1 1 2 2

Output

0

Note

In the first sample test case the array will change in this order [3,1,2] → [2,1,3] → [1,2,3].

In the second sample test case it will be [1,8,1,6] → [1,6,1,8] → [1,1,6,8].

In the third sample test case the array is already sorted.


You are given the array a consisting of n positive (greater than zero) integers.

In one move, you can choose two indices i and j (i ≠ j) such that the absolute difference between a_i and a_j is no more than one (|a_i - a_j| ≤ 1) and remove the smallest of these two elements. If two elements are equal, you can remove any of them (but exactly one).

Your task is to find if it is possible to obtain the array consisting of only one element using several (possibly, zero) such moves or not.

You have to answer t independent test cases.

Input

The first line of the input contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases. Then t test cases follow.

The first line of the test case contains one integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 50) — the length of a. The second line of the test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 100), where a_i is the i-th element of a.

Output

For each test case, print the answer: "YES" if it is possible to obtain the array consisting of only one element using several (possibly, zero) moves described in the problem statement, or "NO" otherwise.

Example

Input

5
3
1 2 2
4
5 5 5 5
3
1 2 4
4
1 3 4 4
1
100

Output

YES
YES
NO
NO
YES

Note

In the first test case of the example, we can perform the following sequence of moves:

  * choose i=1 and j=3 and remove a_i (so a becomes [2; 2]);
  * choose i=1 and j=2 and remove a_j (so a becomes [2]).

In the second test case of the example, we can choose any possible i and j any move and it doesn't matter which element we remove.

In the third test case of the example, there is no way to get rid of 2 and 4.


Yura has been walking for some time already and is planning to return home. He needs to get home as fast as possible. To do this, Yura can use the instant-movement locations around the city.

Let's represent the city as an area of n × n square blocks. Yura needs to move from the block with coordinates (s_x,s_y) to the block with coordinates (f_x,f_y). In one minute Yura can move to any neighboring by side block; in other words, he can move in four directions. Also, there are m instant-movement locations in the city. Their coordinates are known to you and Yura. Yura can move to an instant-movement location in no time if he is located in a block with the same coordinate x or with the same coordinate y as the location.

Help Yura to find the smallest time needed to get home.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and m — the size of the city and the number of instant-movement locations (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^9, 0 ≤ m ≤ 10^5).

The next line contains four integers s_x s_y f_x f_y — the coordinates of Yura's initial position and the coordinates of his home ( 1 ≤ s_x, s_y, f_x, f_y ≤ n).

Each of the next m lines contains two integers x_i y_i — coordinates of the i-th instant-movement location (1 ≤ x_i, y_i ≤ n).

Output

In the only line print the minimum time required to get home.

Examples

Input

5 3
1 1 5 5
1 2
4 1
3 3

Output

5

Input

84 5
67 59 41 2
39 56
7 2
15 3
74 18
22 7

Output

42

Note

In the first example Yura needs to reach (5, 5) from (1, 1). He can do that in 5 minutes by first using the second instant-movement location (because its y coordinate is equal to Yura's y coordinate), and then walking (4, 1) → (4, 2) → (4, 3) → (5, 3) → (5, 4) → (5, 5).


This is the easy version of the problem. The difference between the versions is in the number of possible operations that can be made. You can make hacks if and only if you solved both versions of the problem.

You are given a binary table of size n × m. This table consists of symbols 0 and 1.

You can make such operation: select 3 different cells that belong to one 2 × 2 square and change the symbols in these cells (change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0).

Your task is to make all symbols in the table equal to 0. You are allowed to make at most 3nm operations. You don't need to minimize the number of operations.

It can be proved that it is always possible.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5000) — the number of test cases. The next lines contain descriptions of test cases.

The first line of the description of each test case contains two integers n, m (2 ≤ n, m ≤ 100).

Each of the next n lines contains a binary string of length m, describing the symbols of the next row of the table.

It is guaranteed that the sum of nm for all test cases does not exceed 20000.

Output

For each test case print the integer k (0 ≤ k ≤ 3nm) — the number of operations.

In the each of the next k lines print 6 integers x_1, y_1, x_2, y_2, x_3, y_3 (1 ≤ x_1, x_2, x_3 ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_1, y_2, y_3 ≤ m) describing the next operation. This operation will be made with three cells (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), (x_3, y_3). These three cells should be different. These three cells should belong into some 2 × 2 square.

Example

Input

5
2 2
10
11
3 3
011
101
110
4 4
1111
0110
0110
1111
5 5
01011
11001
00010
11011
10000
2 3
011
101

Output

1
1 1 2 1 2 2
2
2 1 3 1 3 2
1 2 1 3 2 3
4
1 1 1 2 2 2
1 3 1 4 2 3
3 2 4 1 4 2
3 3 4 3 4 4
4
1 2 2 1 2 2
1 4 1 5 2 5
4 1 4 2 5 1
4 4 4 5 3 4
2
1 3 2 2 2 3
1 2 2 1 2 2

Note

In the first test case, it is possible to make only one operation with cells (1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2). After that, all symbols will be equal to 0.

In the second test case:

  * operation with cells (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2). After it the table will be:

    011
    001
    000

  * operation with cells (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3). After it the table will be:

    000
    000
    000

In the fifth test case:

  * operation with cells (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3). After it the table will be:

    010
    110

  * operation with cells (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2). After it the table will be:

    000
    000


There are n cells, numbered 1,2,..., n from left to right. You have to place a robot at any cell initially. The robot must make exactly k moves.

In one move, the robot must move one cell to the left or right, provided that it doesn't move out of bounds. In other words, if the robot was in the cell i, it must move to either the cell i-1 or the cell i+1, as long as it lies between 1 and n (endpoints inclusive). The cells, in the order they are visited (including the cell the robot is placed), together make a good path.

Each cell i has a value a_i associated with it. Let c_0, c_1, ..., c_k be the sequence of cells in a good path in the order they are visited (c_0 is the cell robot is initially placed, c_1 is the cell where the robot is after its first move, and so on; more formally, c_i is the cell that the robot is at after i moves). Then the value of the path is calculated as a_{c_0} + a_{c_1} + ... + a_{c_k}.

Your task is to calculate the sum of values over all possible good paths. Since this number can be very large, output it modulo 10^9 + 7. Two good paths are considered different if the starting cell differs or there exists an integer i ∈ [1, k] such that the current cell of the robot after exactly i moves is different in those paths.

You must process q updates to a and print the updated sum each time. Each update changes the value of exactly one cell. See the input format and the sample input-output for more details.

Input

The first line of the input contains three space-separated integers n, k and q (2 ≤ n ≤ 5000; 1 ≤ k ≤ 5000; 1 ≤ q ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5).

The second line of the input contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9).

q lines follow. Each line contains two space-separated integers i and x (1 ≤ i ≤ n; 1 ≤ x ≤ 10^9) indicating that you must change the value of a_i to x.

Output

Print q integers. The i-th integer should be the sum of values over all good paths after the first i updates are performed. Since the answers may be large, print them modulo 10^9 + 7.

Examples

Input

5 1 5
3 5 1 4 2
1 9
2 4
3 6
4 6
5 2

Output

62
58
78
86
86

Input

5 2 5
3 5 1 4 2
1 9
2 4
3 6
4 6
5 2

Output

157
147
207
227
227

Input

4 40 6
92 21 82 46
3 56
1 72
4 28
1 97
2 49
2 88

Output

239185261
666314041
50729936
516818968
766409450
756910476

Note

In the first example, the good paths are (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4).

Initially the values of a are [3, 5, 1, 4, 2]. After the first update, they become [9, 5, 1, 4, 2]. After the second update, they become [9, 4, 1, 4, 2], and so on.


There are n coins labeled from 1 to n. Initially, coin c_i is on position i and is facing upwards ((c_1, c_2, ..., c_n) is a permutation of numbers from 1 to n). You can do some operations on these coins.

In one operation, you can do the following:

  * Choose 2 distinct indices i and j.

  * Then, swap the coins on positions i and j.

  * Then, flip both coins on positions i and j. (If they are initially faced up, they will be faced down after the operation and vice versa)

Construct a sequence of at most n+1 operations such that after performing all these operations the coin i will be on position i at the end, facing up.

Note that you do not need to minimize the number of operations.

Input

The first line contains an integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of coins.

The second line contains n integers c_1,c_2,...,c_n (1 ≤ c_i ≤ n, c_i ≠ c_j for i≠ j).

Output

In the first line, output an integer q (0 ≤ q ≤ n+1) — the number of operations you used.

In the following q lines, output two integers i and j (1 ≤ i, j ≤ n, i ≠ j) — the positions you chose for the current operation.

Examples

Input

3
2 1 3

Output

3
1 3
3 2
3 1

Input

5
1 2 3 4 5

Output

0

Note

Let coin i facing upwards be denoted as i and coin i facing downwards be denoted as -i.

The series of moves performed in the first sample changes the coins as such:

  * [~~~2,~~~1,~~~3]
  * [-3,~~~1,-2]
  * [-3,~~~2,-1]
  * [~~~1,~~~2,~~~3]

In the second sample, the coins are already in their correct positions so there is no need to swap.


Baby Ehab has a piece of Cut and Stick with an array a of length n written on it. He plans to grab a pair of scissors and do the following to it:

  * pick a range (l, r) and cut out every element a_l, a_{l + 1}, ..., a_r in this range;
  * stick some of the elements together in the same order they were in the array;
  * end up with multiple pieces, where every piece contains some of the elements and every element belongs to some piece.

More formally, he partitions the sequence a_l, a_{l + 1}, ..., a_r into subsequences. He thinks a partitioning is beautiful if for every piece (subsequence) it holds that, if it has length x, then no value occurs strictly more than ⌈ x/2 ⌉ times in it.

He didn't pick a range yet, so he's wondering: for q ranges (l, r), what is the minimum number of pieces he needs to partition the elements a_l, a_{l + 1}, ..., a_r into so that the partitioning is beautiful.

A sequence b is a subsequence of an array a if b can be obtained from a by deleting some (possibly zero) elements. Note that it does not have to be contiguous.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and q (1 ≤ n,q ≤ 3 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of the array a and the number of queries.

The second line contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n} (1 ≤ a_i ≤ n) — the elements of the array a.

Each of the next q lines contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n) — the range of this query.

Output

For each query, print the minimum number of subsequences you need to partition this range into so that the partitioning is beautiful. We can prove such partitioning always exists.

Example

Input

6 2
1 3 2 3 3 2
1 6
2 5

Output

1
2

Note

In the first query, you can just put the whole array in one subsequence, since its length is 6, and no value occurs more than 3 times in it.

In the second query, the elements of the query range are [3,2,3,3]. You can't put them all in one subsequence, since its length is 4, and 3 occurs more than 2 times. However, you can partition it into two subsequences: [3] and [2,3,3].


You are given a tree consisting of n nodes. You generate an array from the tree by marking nodes one by one.

Initially, when no nodes are marked, a node is equiprobably chosen and marked from the entire tree.

After that, until all nodes are marked, a node is equiprobably chosen and marked from the set of unmarked nodes with at least one edge to a marked node.

It can be shown that the process marks all nodes in the tree.

The final array a is the list of the nodes' labels in order of the time each node was marked.

Find the expected number of inversions in the array that is generated by the tree and the aforementioned process.

The number of inversions in an array a is the number of pairs of indices (i, j) such that i < j and a_i > a_j. For example, the array [4, 1, 3, 2] contains 4 inversions: (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 4).

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 200) — the number of nodes in the tree.

The next n - 1 lines each contains two integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y), denoting an edge between node x and y.

It's guaranteed that the given edges form a tree.

Output

Output the expected number of inversions in the generated array modulo 10^9+7.

Formally, let M = 10^9+7. It can be shown that the answer can be expressed as an irreducible fraction p/q, where p and q are integers and q not ≡ 0 \pmod{M}. Output the integer equal to p ⋅ q^{-1} mod M. In other words, output such an integer x that 0 ≤ x < M and x ⋅ q ≡ p \pmod{M}.

Examples

Input

3
1 2
1 3

Output

166666669

Input

6
2 1
2 3
6 1
1 4
2 5

Output

500000009

Input

5
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 5

Output

500000007

Note

This is the tree from the first sample:

<image>

For the first sample, the arrays are almost fixed. If node 2 is chosen initially, then the only possible array is [2, 1, 3] (1 inversion). If node 3 is chosen initially, then the only possible array is [3, 1, 2] (2 inversions). If node 1 is chosen initially, the arrays [1, 2, 3] (0 inversions) and [1, 3, 2] (1 inversion) are the only possibilities and equiprobable. In total, the expected number of inversions is 1/3⋅ 1 + 1/3 ⋅ 2 + 1/3 ⋅ (1/2 ⋅ 0 + 1/2 ⋅ 1) = 7/6.

166666669 ⋅ 6 = 7 \pmod {10^9 + 7}, so the answer is 166666669.

This is the tree from the second sample:

<image>

This is the tree from the third sample:

<image>


One day Polycarpus got hold of two non-empty strings s and t, consisting of lowercase Latin letters. Polycarpus is quite good with strings, so he immediately wondered, how many different pairs of "x y" are there, such that x is a substring of string s, y is a subsequence of string t, and the content of x and y is the same. Two pairs are considered different, if they contain different substrings of string s or different subsequences of string t. Read the whole statement to understand the definition of different substrings and subsequences.

The length of string s is the number of characters in it. If we denote the length of the string s as |s|, we can write the string as s = s1s2... s|s|.

A substring of s is a non-empty string x = s[a... b] = sasa + 1... sb (1 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ |s|). For example, "code" and "force" are substrings or "codeforces", while "coders" is not. Two substrings s[a... b] and s[c... d] are considered to be different if a ≠ c or b ≠ d. For example, if s="codeforces", s[2...2] and s[6...6] are different, though their content is the same.

A subsequence of s is a non-empty string y = s[p1p2... p|y|] = sp1sp2... sp|y| (1 ≤ p1 < p2 < ... < p|y| ≤ |s|). For example, "coders" is a subsequence of "codeforces". Two subsequences u = s[p1p2... p|u|] and v = s[q1q2... q|v|] are considered different if the sequences p and q are different.

Input

The input consists of two lines. The first of them contains s (1 ≤ |s| ≤ 5000), and the second one contains t (1 ≤ |t| ≤ 5000). Both strings consist of lowercase Latin letters.

Output

Print a single number — the number of different pairs "x y" such that x is a substring of string s, y is a subsequence of string t, and the content of x and y is the same. As the answer can be rather large, print it modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Examples

Input

aa
aa

Output

5

Input

codeforces
forceofcode

Output

60

Note

Let's write down all pairs "x y" that form the answer in the first sample: "s[1...1] t[1]", "s[2...2] t[1]", "s[1...1] t[2]","s[2...2] t[2]", "s[1...2] t[1 2]".


At a geometry lesson Bob learnt that a triangle is called right-angled if it is nondegenerate and one of its angles is right. Bob decided to draw such a triangle immediately: on a sheet of paper he drew three points with integer coordinates, and joined them with segments of straight lines, then he showed the triangle to Peter. Peter said that Bob's triangle is not right-angled, but is almost right-angled: the triangle itself is not right-angled, but it is possible to move one of the points exactly by distance 1 so, that all the coordinates remain integer, and the triangle become right-angled. Bob asks you to help him and find out if Peter tricks him. By the given coordinates of the triangle you should find out if it is right-angled, almost right-angled, or neither of these.

Input

The first input line contains 6 space-separated integers x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 — coordinates of the triangle's vertices. All the coordinates are integer and don't exceed 100 in absolute value. It's guaranteed that the triangle is nondegenerate, i.e. its total area is not zero.

Output

If the given triangle is right-angled, output RIGHT, if it is almost right-angled, output ALMOST, and if it is neither of these, output NEITHER.

Examples

Input

0 0 2 0 0 1

Output

RIGHT

Input

2 3 4 5 6 6

Output

NEITHER

Input

-1 0 2 0 0 1

Output

ALMOST


Furik and Rubik love playing computer games. Furik has recently found a new game that greatly interested Rubik. The game consists of n parts and to complete each part a player may probably need to complete some other ones. We know that the game can be fully completed, that is, its parts do not form cyclic dependencies.

Rubik has 3 computers, on which he can play this game. All computers are located in different houses. Besides, it has turned out that each part of the game can be completed only on one of these computers. Let's number the computers with integers from 1 to 3. Rubik can perform the following actions:

  * Complete some part of the game on some computer. Rubik spends exactly 1 hour on completing any part on any computer.
  * Move from the 1-st computer to the 2-nd one. Rubik spends exactly 1 hour on that.
  * Move from the 1-st computer to the 3-rd one. Rubik spends exactly 2 hours on that.
  * Move from the 2-nd computer to the 1-st one. Rubik spends exactly 2 hours on that.
  * Move from the 2-nd computer to the 3-rd one. Rubik spends exactly 1 hour on that.
  * Move from the 3-rd computer to the 1-st one. Rubik spends exactly 1 hour on that.
  * Move from the 3-rd computer to the 2-nd one. Rubik spends exactly 2 hours on that.

Help Rubik to find the minimum number of hours he will need to complete all parts of the game. Initially Rubik can be located at the computer he considers necessary.

Input

The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 200) — the number of game parts. The next line contains n integers, the i-th integer — ci (1 ≤ ci ≤ 3) represents the number of the computer, on which you can complete the game part number i.

Next n lines contain descriptions of game parts. The i-th line first contains integer ki (0 ≤ ki ≤ n - 1), then ki distinct integers ai, j (1 ≤ ai, j ≤ n; ai, j ≠ i) — the numbers of parts to complete before part i.

Numbers on all lines are separated by single spaces. You can assume that the parts of the game are numbered from 1 to n in some way. It is guaranteed that there are no cyclic dependencies between the parts of the game.

Output

On a single line print the answer to the problem.

Examples

Input

1
1
0

Output

1

Input

5
2 2 1 1 3
1 5
2 5 1
2 5 4
1 5
0

Output

7

Note

Note to the second sample: before the beginning of the game the best strategy is to stand by the third computer. First we complete part 5. Then we go to the 1-st computer and complete parts 3 and 4. Then we go to the 2-nd computer and complete parts 1 and 2. In total we get 1+1+2+1+2, which equals 7 hours.


Valera runs a 24/7 fast food cafe. He magically learned that next day n people will visit his cafe. For each person we know the arrival time: the i-th person comes exactly at hi hours mi minutes. The cafe spends less than a minute to serve each client, but if a client comes in and sees that there is no free cash, than he doesn't want to wait and leaves the cafe immediately.

Valera is very greedy, so he wants to serve all n customers next day (and get more profit). However, for that he needs to ensure that at each moment of time the number of working cashes is no less than the number of clients in the cafe.

Help Valera count the minimum number of cashes to work at his cafe next day, so that they can serve all visitors.

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105), that is the number of cafe visitors.

Each of the following n lines has two space-separated integers hi and mi (0 ≤ hi ≤ 23; 0 ≤ mi ≤ 59), representing the time when the i-th person comes into the cafe.

Note that the time is given in the chronological order. All time is given within one 24-hour period.

Output

Print a single integer — the minimum number of cashes, needed to serve all clients next day.

Examples

Input

4
8 0
8 10
8 10
8 45

Output

2

Input

3
0 12
10 11
22 22

Output

1

Note

In the first sample it is not enough one cash to serve all clients, because two visitors will come into cafe in 8:10. Therefore, if there will be one cash in cafe, then one customer will be served by it, and another one will not wait and will go away.

In the second sample all visitors will come in different times, so it will be enough one cash.


Maxim loves sequences, especially those that strictly increase. He is wondering, what is the length of the longest increasing subsequence of the given sequence a?

Sequence a is given as follows:

  * the length of the sequence equals n × t;
  * <image> (1 ≤ i ≤ n × t), where operation <image> means taking the remainder after dividing number x by number y.

Sequence s1, s2, ..., sr of length r is a subsequence of sequence a1, a2, ..., an, if there is such increasing sequence of indexes i1, i2, ..., ir (1 ≤ i1 < i2 < ... < ir ≤ n), that aij = sj. In other words, the subsequence can be obtained from the sequence by crossing out some elements.

Sequence s1, s2, ..., sr is increasing, if the following inequality holds: s1 < s2 < ... < sr.

Maxim have k variants of the sequence a. Help Maxim to determine for each sequence the length of the longest increasing subsequence.

Input

The first line contains four integers k, n, maxb and t (1 ≤ k ≤ 10; 1 ≤ n, maxb ≤ 105; 1 ≤ t ≤ 109; n × maxb ≤ 2·107). Each of the next k lines contain n integers b1, b2, ..., bn (1 ≤ bi ≤ maxb).

Note that for each variant of the sequence a the values n, maxb and t coincide, the only arrays bs differ.

The numbers in the lines are separated by single spaces.

Output

Print k integers — the answers for the variants of the sequence a. Print the answers in the order the variants follow in the input.

Examples

Input

3 3 5 2
3 2 1
1 2 3
2 3 1

Output

2
3
3


Permutation p is an ordered set of integers p1, p2, ..., pn, consisting of n distinct positive integers, each of them doesn't exceed n. We'll denote the i-th element of permutation p as pi. We'll call number n the size or the length of permutation p1, p2, ..., pn.

Petya decided to introduce the sum operation on the set of permutations of length n. Let's assume that we are given two permutations of length n: a1, a2, ..., an and b1, b2, ..., bn. Petya calls the sum of permutations a and b such permutation c of length n, where ci = ((ai - 1 + bi - 1) mod n) + 1 (1 ≤ i ≤ n).

Operation <image> means taking the remainder after dividing number x by number y.

Obviously, not for all permutations a and b exists permutation c that is sum of a and b. That's why Petya got sad and asked you to do the following: given n, count the number of such pairs of permutations a and b of length n, that exists permutation c that is sum of a and b. The pair of permutations x, y (x ≠ y) and the pair of permutations y, x are considered distinct pairs.

As the answer can be rather large, print the remainder after dividing it by 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Input

The single line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 16).

Output

In the single line print a single non-negative integer — the number of such pairs of permutations a and b, that exists permutation c that is sum of a and b, modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Examples

Input

3

Output

18

Input

5

Output

1800


Every true king during his life must conquer the world, hold the Codeforces world finals, win pink panda in the shooting gallery and travel all over his kingdom.

King Copa has already done the first three things. Now he just needs to travel all over the kingdom. The kingdom is an infinite plane with Cartesian coordinate system on it. Every city is a point on this plane. There are n cities in the kingdom at points with coordinates (x1, 0), (x2, 0), ..., (xn, 0), and there is one city at point (xn + 1, yn + 1).

King starts his journey in the city number k. Your task is to find such route for the king, which visits all cities (in any order) and has minimum possible length. It is allowed to visit a city twice. The king can end his journey in any city. Between any pair of cities there is a direct road with length equal to the distance between the corresponding points. No two cities may be located at the same point.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ n ≤ 105, 1 ≤ k ≤ n + 1) — amount of cities and index of the starting city. The second line contains n + 1 numbers xi. The third line contains yn + 1. All coordinates are integers and do not exceed 106 by absolute value. No two cities coincide.

Output

Output the minimum possible length of the journey. Your answer must have relative or absolute error less than 10 - 6.

Examples

Input

3 1
0 1 2 1
1

Output

3.41421356237309490000

Input

3 1
1 0 2 1
1

Output

3.82842712474619030000

Input

4 5
0 5 -1 -5 2
3

Output

14.24264068711928400000


Gerald plays the following game. He has a checkered field of size n × n cells, where m various cells are banned. Before the game, he has to put a few chips on some border (but not corner) board cells. Then for n - 1 minutes, Gerald every minute moves each chip into an adjacent cell. He moves each chip from its original edge to the opposite edge. Gerald loses in this game in each of the three cases:

  * At least one of the chips at least once fell to the banned cell.
  * At least once two chips were on the same cell.
  * At least once two chips swapped in a minute (for example, if you stand two chips on two opposite border cells of a row with even length, this situation happens in the middle of the row).

In that case he loses and earns 0 points. When nothing like that happened, he wins and earns the number of points equal to the number of chips he managed to put on the board. Help Gerald earn the most points.

Input

The first line contains two space-separated integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 1000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 105) — the size of the field and the number of banned cells. Next m lines each contain two space-separated integers. Specifically, the i-th of these lines contains numbers xi and yi (1 ≤ xi, yi ≤ n) — the coordinates of the i-th banned cell. All given cells are distinct.

Consider the field rows numbered from top to bottom from 1 to n, and the columns — from left to right from 1 to n.

Output

Print a single integer — the maximum points Gerald can earn in this game.

Examples

Input

3 1
2 2

Output

0

Input

3 0

Output

1

Input

4 3
3 1
3 2
3 3

Output

1

Note

In the first test the answer equals zero as we can't put chips into the corner cells.

In the second sample we can place one chip into either cell (1, 2), or cell (3, 2), or cell (2, 1), or cell (2, 3). We cannot place two chips.

In the third sample we can only place one chip into either cell (2, 1), or cell (2, 4).


Xenia is an amateur programmer. Today on the IT lesson she learned about the Hamming distance.

The Hamming distance between two strings s = s1s2... sn and t = t1t2... tn of equal length n is value <image>. Record [si ≠ ti] is the Iverson notation and represents the following: if si ≠ ti, it is one, otherwise — zero.

Now Xenia wants to calculate the Hamming distance between two long strings a and b. The first string a is the concatenation of n copies of string x, that is, <image>. The second string b is the concatenation of m copies of string y.

Help Xenia, calculate the required Hamming distance, given n, x, m, y.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 1012). The second line contains a non-empty string x. The third line contains a non-empty string y. Both strings consist of at most 106 lowercase English letters.

It is guaranteed that strings a and b that you obtain from the input have the same length.

Output

Print a single integer — the required Hamming distance.

Please, do not use the %lld specifier to read or write 64-bit integers in С++. It is preferred to use the cin, cout streams or the %I64d specifier.

Examples

Input

100 10
a
aaaaaaaaaa

Output

0

Input

1 1
abacaba
abzczzz

Output

4

Input

2 3
rzr
az

Output

5

Note

In the first test case string a is the same as string b and equals 100 letters a. As both strings are equal, the Hamming distance between them is zero.

In the second test case strings a and b differ in their 3-rd, 5-th, 6-th and 7-th characters. Thus, the Hamming distance equals 4.

In the third test case string a is rzrrzr and string b is azazaz. The strings differ in all characters apart for the second one, the Hamming distance between them equals 5.


Little Vasya has received a young builder’s kit. The kit consists of several wooden bars, the lengths of all of them are known. The bars can be put one on the top of the other if their lengths are the same.

Vasya wants to construct the minimal number of towers from the bars. Help Vasya to use the bars in the best way possible.

Input

The first line contains an integer N (1 ≤ N ≤ 1000) — the number of bars at Vasya’s disposal. The second line contains N space-separated integers li — the lengths of the bars. All the lengths are natural numbers not exceeding 1000.

Output

In one line output two numbers — the height of the largest tower and their total number. Remember that Vasya should use all the bars.

Examples

Input

3
1 2 3

Output

1 3

Input

4
6 5 6 7

Output

2 3


This is yet another problem on regular bracket sequences.

A bracket sequence is called regular, if by inserting "+" and "1" into it we get a correct mathematical expression. For example, sequences "(())()", "()" and "(()(()))" are regular, while ")(", "(()" and "(()))(" are not. You have a pattern of a bracket sequence that consists of characters "(", ")" and "?". You have to replace each character "?" with a bracket so, that you get a regular bracket sequence.

For each character "?" the cost of its replacement with "(" and ")" is given. Among all the possible variants your should choose the cheapest.

Input

The first line contains a non-empty pattern of even length, consisting of characters "(", ")" and "?". Its length doesn't exceed 5·104. Then there follow m lines, where m is the number of characters "?" in the pattern. Each line contains two integer numbers ai and bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ 106), where ai is the cost of replacing the i-th character "?" with an opening bracket, and bi — with a closing one.

Output

Print the cost of the optimal regular bracket sequence in the first line, and the required sequence in the second.

Print -1, if there is no answer. If the answer is not unique, print any of them.

Examples

Input

(??)
1 2
2 8

Output

4
()()


The police department of your city has just started its journey. Initially, they don’t have any manpower. So, they started hiring new recruits in groups.

Meanwhile, crimes keeps occurring within the city. One member of the police force can investigate only one crime during his/her lifetime.

If there is no police officer free (isn't busy with crime) during the occurrence of a crime, it will go untreated.

Given the chronological order of crime occurrences and recruit hirings, find the number of crimes which will go untreated.

Input

The first line of input will contain an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105), the number of events. The next line will contain n space-separated integers.

If the integer is -1 then it means a crime has occurred. Otherwise, the integer will be positive, the number of officers recruited together at that time. No more than 10 officers will be recruited at a time.

Output

Print a single integer, the number of crimes which will go untreated.

Examples

Input

3
-1 -1 1

Output

2

Input

8
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1

Output

1

Input

11
-1 -1 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

Output

8

Note

Lets consider the second example:

  1. Firstly one person is hired.
  2. Then crime appears, the last hired person will investigate this crime.
  3. One more person is hired.
  4. One more crime appears, the last hired person will investigate this crime.
  5. Crime appears. There is no free policeman at the time, so this crime will go untreated.
  6. One more person is hired.
  7. One more person is hired.
  8. One more person is hired.

The answer is one, as one crime (on step 5) will go untreated.


Little Masha loves arranging her toys into piles on the floor. And she also hates it when somebody touches her toys. One day Masha arranged all her n toys into several piles and then her elder brother Sasha came and gathered all the piles into one. Having seen it, Masha got very upset and started crying. Sasha still can't calm Masha down and mom is going to come home soon and punish Sasha for having made Masha crying. That's why he decides to restore the piles' arrangement. However, he doesn't remember at all the way the toys used to lie. Of course, Masha remembers it, but she can't talk yet and can only help Sasha by shouting happily when he arranges the toys in the way they used to lie. That means that Sasha will have to arrange the toys in every possible way until Masha recognizes the needed arrangement. The relative position of the piles and toys in every pile is irrelevant, that's why the two ways of arranging the toys are considered different if can be found two such toys that when arranged in the first way lie in one and the same pile and do not if arranged in the second way. Sasha is looking for the fastest way of trying all the ways because mom will come soon. With every action Sasha can take a toy from any pile and move it to any other pile (as a result a new pile may appear or the old one may disappear). Sasha wants to find the sequence of actions as a result of which all the pile arrangement variants will be tried exactly one time each. Help Sasha. As we remember, initially all the toys are located in one pile.

Input

The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10) — the number of toys.

Output

In the first line print the number of different variants of arrangement of toys into piles. Then print all the ways of arranging toys into piles in the order in which Sasha should try them (i.e. every next way must result from the previous one through the operation described in the statement). Every way should be printed in the following format. In every pile the toys should be arranged in ascending order of the numbers. Then the piles should be sorted in ascending order of the numbers of the first toys there. Output every way on a single line. Cf. the example to specify the output data format. If the solution is not unique, output any of them.

Examples

Input

3

Output

5
{1,2,3}
{1,2},{3}
{1},{2,3}
{1},{2},{3}
{1,3},{2}


Polar bears Menshykov and Uslada from the zoo of St. Petersburg and elephant Horace from the zoo of Kiev decided to do some painting. As they were trying to create their first masterpiece, they made a draft on a piece of paper. The draft consists of n segments. Each segment was either horizontal or vertical. Now the friends want to simplify the draft by deleting some segments or parts of segments so that the final masterpiece meets three conditions:

  1. Horace wants to be able to paint the whole picture in one stroke: by putting the brush on the paper and never taking it off until the picture is ready. The brush can paint the same place multiple times. That's why all the remaining segments must form a single connected shape.
  2. Menshykov wants the resulting shape to be simple. He defines a simple shape as a shape that doesn't contain any cycles.
  3. Initially all the segment on the draft have integer startpoint and endpoint coordinates. Uslada doesn't like real coordinates and she wants this condition to be fulfilled after all the changes.

As in other parts the draft is already beautiful, the friends decided to delete such parts of the draft that the sum of lengths of the remaining segments is as large as possible. Your task is to count this maximum sum of the lengths that remain after all the extra segments are removed.

Input

The first line of the input contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2·105) — the number of segments on the draft. The next n lines contain four integers each: x1, y1, x2, y2 ( - 109 ≤ x1 ≤ x2 ≤ 109; - 109 ≤ y1 ≤ y2 ≤ 109) — the two startpoint and the two endpoint coordinates of a segment. All segments are non-degenerative and either are strictly horizontal or strictly vertical.

No two horizontal segments share common points. No two vertical segments share common points.

Output

Print a single integer — the maximum sum of lengths for the remaining segments.

Examples

Input

2
0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1

Output

1

Input

4
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
1 -1 1 2
0 1 1 1

Output

5

Note

The shapes that you can get in the two given samples are:

<image>

In the first sample you need to delete any segment as the two segments together do not form a single connected shape.

In the second sample the initial segments form a cycle, there are four ways to break the cycle: delete the first, second or fourth segment altogether or delete the middle of the third segment. The last way is shown on the picture.


Mike is trying rock climbing but he is awful at it.

There are n holds on the wall, i-th hold is at height ai off the ground. Besides, let the sequence ai increase, that is, ai < ai + 1 for all i from 1 to n - 1; we will call such sequence a track. Mike thinks that the track a1, ..., an has difficulty <image>. In other words, difficulty equals the maximum distance between two holds that are adjacent in height.

Today Mike decided to cover the track with holds hanging on heights a1, ..., an. To make the problem harder, Mike decided to remove one hold, that is, remove one element of the sequence (for example, if we take the sequence (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and remove the third element from it, we obtain the sequence (1, 2, 4, 5)). However, as Mike is awful at climbing, he wants the final difficulty (i.e. the maximum difference of heights between adjacent holds after removing the hold) to be as small as possible among all possible options of removing a hold. The first and last holds must stay at their positions.

Help Mike determine the minimum difficulty of the track after removing one hold.

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 100) — the number of holds.

The next line contains n space-separated integers ai (1 ≤ ai ≤ 1000), where ai is the height where the hold number i hangs. The sequence ai is increasing (i.e. each element except for the first one is strictly larger than the previous one).

Output

Print a single number — the minimum difficulty of the track after removing a single hold.

Examples

Input

3
1 4 6

Output

5

Input

5
1 2 3 4 5

Output

2

Input

5
1 2 3 7 8

Output

4

Note

In the first sample you can remove only the second hold, then the sequence looks like (1, 6), the maximum difference of the neighboring elements equals 5.

In the second test after removing every hold the difficulty equals 2.

In the third test you can obtain sequences (1, 3, 7, 8), (1, 2, 7, 8), (1, 2, 3, 8), for which the difficulty is 4, 5 and 5, respectively. Thus, after removing the second element we obtain the optimal answer — 4.


Polycarp loves geometric progressions — he collects them. However, as such progressions occur very rarely, he also loves the sequences of numbers where it is enough to delete a single element to get a geometric progression.

In this task we shall define geometric progressions as finite sequences of numbers a1, a2, ..., ak, where ai = c·bi - 1 for some real numbers c and b. For example, the sequences [2, -4, 8], [0, 0, 0, 0], [199] are geometric progressions and [0, 1, 2, 3] is not.

Recently Polycarp has found a sequence and he can't classify it. Help him to do it. Determine whether it is a geometric progression. If it is not, check if it can become a geometric progression if an element is deleted from it.

Input

The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the number of elements in the given sequence. The second line contains the given sequence. The numbers are space-separated. All the elements of the given sequence are integers and their absolute value does not exceed 104.

Output

Print 0, if the given sequence is a geometric progression. Otherwise, check if it is possible to make the sequence a geometric progression by deleting a single element. If it is possible, print 1. If it is impossible, print 2.

Examples

Input

4
3 6 12 24

Output

0

Input

4
-8 -16 24 -32

Output

1

Input

4
0 1 2 3

Output

2


In the country there are n cities and m bidirectional roads between them. Each city has an army. Army of the i-th city consists of ai soldiers. Now soldiers roam. After roaming each soldier has to either stay in his city or to go to the one of neighboring cities by at moving along at most one road.

Check if is it possible that after roaming there will be exactly bi soldiers in the i-th city.

Input

First line of input consists of two integers n and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 100, 0 ≤ m ≤ 200).

Next line contains n integers a1, a2, ..., an (0 ≤ ai ≤ 100).

Next line contains n integers b1, b2, ..., bn (0 ≤ bi ≤ 100).

Then m lines follow, each of them consists of two integers p and q (1 ≤ p, q ≤ n, p ≠ q) denoting that there is an undirected road between cities p and q.

It is guaranteed that there is at most one road between each pair of cities.

Output

If the conditions can not be met output single word "NO".

Otherwise output word "YES" and then n lines, each of them consisting of n integers. Number in the i-th line in the j-th column should denote how many soldiers should road from city i to city j (if i ≠ j) or how many soldiers should stay in city i (if i = j).

If there are several possible answers you may output any of them.

Examples

Input

4 4
1 2 6 3
3 5 3 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 2

Output

YES
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
0 5 1 0
0 0 2 1

Input

2 0
1 2
2 1

Output

NO


Limak is a little bear who loves to play. Today he is playing by destroying block towers. He built n towers in a row. The i-th tower is made of hi identical blocks. For clarification see picture for the first sample.

Limak will repeat the following operation till everything is destroyed.

Block is called internal if it has all four neighbors, i.e. it has each side (top, left, down and right) adjacent to other block or to the floor. Otherwise, block is boundary. In one operation Limak destroys all boundary blocks. His paws are very fast and he destroys all those blocks at the same time.

Limak is ready to start. You task is to count how many operations will it take him to destroy all towers.

Input

The first line contains single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105).

The second line contains n space-separated integers h1, h2, ..., hn (1 ≤ hi ≤ 109) — sizes of towers.

Output

Print the number of operations needed to destroy all towers.

Examples

Input

6
2 1 4 6 2 2

Output

3

Input

7
3 3 3 1 3 3 3

Output

2

Note

The picture below shows all three operations for the first sample test. Each time boundary blocks are marked with red color.

<image> After first operation there are four blocks left and only one remains after second operation. This last block is destroyed in third operation.


You are given a non-empty line s and an integer k. The following operation is performed with this line exactly once:

  * A line is split into at most k non-empty substrings, i.e. string s is represented as a concatenation of a set of strings s = t1 + t2 + ... + tm, 1 ≤ m ≤ k.
  * Some of strings ti are replaced by strings tir, that is, their record from right to left.
  * The lines are concatenated back in the same order, we get string s' = t'1t'2... t'm, where t'i equals ti or tir.

Your task is to determine the lexicographically smallest string that could be the result of applying the given operation to the string s.

Input

The first line of the input contains string s (1 ≤ |s| ≤ 5 000 000), consisting of lowercase English letters. The second line contains integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ |s|) — the maximum number of parts in the partition.

Output

In the single line print the lexicographically minimum string s' which can be obtained as a result of performing the described operation.

Examples

Input

aba
2

Output

aab

Input

aaaabacaba
2

Output

aaaaabacab

Input

bababa
1

Output

ababab

Input

abacabadabacaba
4

Output

aababacabacabad


You are given a rectangular field of n × m cells. Each cell is either empty or impassable (contains an obstacle). Empty cells are marked with '.', impassable cells are marked with '*'. Let's call two empty cells adjacent if they share a side.

Let's call a connected component any non-extendible set of cells such that any two of them are connected by the path of adjacent cells. It is a typical well-known definition of a connected component.

For each impassable cell (x, y) imagine that it is an empty cell (all other cells remain unchanged) and find the size (the number of cells) of the connected component which contains (x, y). You should do it for each impassable cell independently.

The answer should be printed as a matrix with n rows and m columns. The j-th symbol of the i-th row should be "." if the cell is empty at the start. Otherwise the j-th symbol of the i-th row should contain the only digit —- the answer modulo 10. The matrix should be printed without any spaces.

To make your output faster it is recommended to build the output as an array of n strings having length m and print it as a sequence of lines. It will be much faster than writing character-by-character.

As input/output can reach huge size it is recommended to use fast input/output methods: for example, prefer to use scanf/printf instead of cin/cout in C++, prefer to use BufferedReader/PrintWriter instead of Scanner/System.out in Java.

Input

The first line contains two integers n, m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 1000) — the number of rows and columns in the field.

Each of the next n lines contains m symbols: "." for empty cells, "*" for impassable cells.

Output

Print the answer as a matrix as described above. See the examples to precise the format of the output.

Examples

Input

3 3
*.*
.*.
*.*

Output

3.3
.5.
3.3

Input

4 5
**..*
..***
.*.*.
*.*.*

Output

46..3
..732
.6.4.
5.4.3

Note

In first example, if we imagine that the central cell is empty then it will be included to component of size 5 (cross). If any of the corner cell will be empty then it will be included to component of size 3 (corner).


A factory produces thimbles in bulk. Typically, it can produce up to a thimbles a day. However, some of the machinery is defective, so it can currently only produce b thimbles each day. The factory intends to choose a k-day period to do maintenance and construction; it cannot produce any thimbles during this time, but will be restored to its full production of a thimbles per day after the k days are complete.

Initially, no orders are pending. The factory receives updates of the form di, ai, indicating that ai new orders have been placed for the di-th day. Each order requires a single thimble to be produced on precisely the specified day. The factory may opt to fill as many or as few of the orders in a single batch as it likes.

As orders come in, the factory owner would like to know the maximum number of orders he will be able to fill if he starts repairs on a given day pi. Help the owner answer his questions.

Input

The first line contains five integers n, k, a, b, and q (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 200 000, 1 ≤ b < a ≤ 10 000, 1 ≤ q ≤ 200 000) — the number of days, the length of the repair time, the production rates of the factory, and the number of updates, respectively.

The next q lines contain the descriptions of the queries. Each query is of one of the following two forms:

  * 1 di ai (1 ≤ di ≤ n, 1 ≤ ai ≤ 10 000), representing an update of ai orders on day di, or
  * 2 pi (1 ≤ pi ≤ n - k + 1), representing a question: at the moment, how many orders could be filled if the factory decided to commence repairs on day pi?

It's guaranteed that the input will contain at least one query of the second type.

Output

For each query of the second type, print a line containing a single integer — the maximum number of orders that the factory can fill over all n days.

Examples

Input

5 2 2 1 8
1 1 2
1 5 3
1 2 1
2 2
1 4 2
1 3 2
2 1
2 3

Output

3
6
4

Input

5 4 10 1 6
1 1 5
1 5 5
1 3 2
1 5 2
2 1
2 2

Output

7
1

Note

Consider the first sample.

We produce up to 1 thimble a day currently and will produce up to 2 thimbles a day after repairs. Repairs take 2 days.

For the first question, we are able to fill 1 order on day 1, no orders on days 2 and 3 since we are repairing, no orders on day 4 since no thimbles have been ordered for that day, and 2 orders for day 5 since we are limited to our production capacity, for a total of 3 orders filled.

For the third question, we are able to fill 1 order on day 1, 1 order on day 2, and 2 orders on day 5, for a total of 4 orders.


International Abbreviation Olympiad takes place annually starting from 1989. Each year the competition receives an abbreviation of form IAO'y, where y stands for some number of consequent last digits of the current year. Organizers always pick an abbreviation with non-empty string y that has never been used before. Among all such valid abbreviations they choose the shortest one and announce it to be the abbreviation of this year's competition.

For example, the first three Olympiads (years 1989, 1990 and 1991, respectively) received the abbreviations IAO'9, IAO'0 and IAO'1, while the competition in 2015 received an abbreviation IAO'15, as IAO'5 has been already used in 1995.

You are given a list of abbreviations. For each of them determine the year it stands for.

Input

The first line of the input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of abbreviations to process.

Then n lines follow, each containing a single abbreviation. It's guaranteed that each abbreviation contains at most nine digits.

Output

For each abbreviation given in the input, find the year of the corresponding Olympiad.

Examples

Input

5
IAO'15
IAO'2015
IAO'1
IAO'9
IAO'0

Output

2015
12015
1991
1989
1990

Input

4
IAO'9
IAO'99
IAO'999
IAO'9999

Output

1989
1999
2999
9999