There are n left boots and n right boots. Each boot has a color which is denoted as a lowercase Latin letter or a question mark ('?'). Thus, you are given two strings l and r, both of length n. The character l_i stands for the color of the i-th left boot and the character r_i stands for the color of the i-th right boot.

A lowercase Latin letter denotes a specific color, but the question mark ('?') denotes an indefinite color. Two specific colors are compatible if they are exactly the same. An indefinite color is compatible with any (specific or indefinite) color.

For example, the following pairs of colors are compatible: ('f', 'f'), ('?', 'z'), ('a', '?') and ('?', '?'). The following pairs of colors are not compatible: ('f', 'g') and ('a', 'z').

Compute the maximum number of pairs of boots such that there is one left and one right boot in a pair and their colors are compatible.

Print the maximum number of such pairs and the pairs themselves. A boot can be part of at most one pair.

Input

The first line contains n (1 ≤ n ≤ 150000), denoting the number of boots for each leg (i.e. the number of left boots and the number of right boots).

The second line contains the string l of length n. It contains only lowercase Latin letters or question marks. The i-th character stands for the color of the i-th left boot.

The third line contains the string r of length n. It contains only lowercase Latin letters or question marks. The i-th character stands for the color of the i-th right boot.

Output

Print k — the maximum number of compatible left-right pairs of boots, i.e. pairs consisting of one left and one right boot which have compatible colors.

The following k lines should contain pairs a_j, b_j (1 ≤ a_j, b_j ≤ n). The j-th of these lines should contain the index a_j of the left boot in the j-th pair and index b_j of the right boot in the j-th pair. All the numbers a_j should be distinct (unique), all the numbers b_j should be distinct (unique).

If there are many optimal answers, print any of them.

Examples

Input

10
codeforces
dodivthree

Output

5
7 8
4 9
2 2
9 10
3 1

Input

7
abaca?b
zabbbcc

Output

5
6 5
2 3
4 6
7 4
1 2

Input

9
bambarbia
hellocode

Output

0

Input

10
code??????
??????test

Output

10
6 2
1 6
7 3
3 5
4 8
9 7
5 1
2 4
10 9
8 10


Little John aspires to become a plumber! Today he has drawn a grid consisting of n rows and m columns, consisting of n × m square cells.

In each cell he will draw a pipe segment. He can only draw four types of segments numbered from 1 to 4, illustrated as follows:

<image>

Each pipe segment has two ends, illustrated by the arrows in the picture above. For example, segment 1 has ends at top and left side of it.

Little John considers the piping system to be leaking if there is at least one pipe segment inside the grid whose end is not connected to another pipe's end or to the border of the grid. The image below shows an example of leaking and non-leaking systems of size 1 × 2.

<image>

Now, you will be given the grid that has been partially filled by Little John. Each cell will either contain one of the four segments above, or be empty. Find the number of possible different non-leaking final systems after Little John finishes filling all of the empty cells with pipe segments. Print this number modulo 1000003 (106 + 3).

Note that rotations or flipping of the grid are not allowed and so two configurations that are identical only when one of them has been rotated or flipped either horizontally or vertically are considered two different configurations.

Input

The first line will contain two single-space separated integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m, n·m ≤ 5·105) — the number of rows and columns respectively. Then n lines follow, each contains exactly m characters — the description of the grid. Each character describes a cell and is either one of these:

  * "1" - "4" — a pipe segment of one of four types as described above
  * "." — an empty cell

Output

Print a single integer denoting the number of possible final non-leaking pipe systems modulo 1000003 (106 + 3). If there are no such configurations, print 0.

Examples

Input

2 2
13
..

Output

2

Input

3 1
1
4
.

Output

0

Input

2 2
3.
.1

Output

1

Note

For the first example, the initial configuration of the grid is as follows.

<image>

The only two possible final non-leaking pipe configurations are as follows:

<image> <image>

For the second example, the initial grid is already leaking, so there will be no final grid that is non-leaking.

For the final example, there's only one possible non-leaking final grid as follows.

<image>


You are given n words, each of which consists of lowercase alphabet letters. Each word contains at least one vowel. You are going to choose some of the given words and make as many beautiful lyrics as possible.

Each lyric consists of two lines. Each line consists of two words separated by whitespace.

A lyric is beautiful if and only if it satisfies all conditions below.

  * The number of vowels in the first word of the first line is the same as the number of vowels in the first word of the second line.
  * The number of vowels in the second word of the first line is the same as the number of vowels in the second word of the second line.
  * The last vowel of the first line is the same as the last vowel of the second line. Note that there may be consonants after the vowel.

Also, letters "a", "e", "o", "i", and "u" are vowels. Note that "y" is never vowel.

For example of a beautiful lyric,

"hello hellooowww"

"whatsup yowowowow"

is a beautiful lyric because there are two vowels each in "hello" and "whatsup", four vowels each in "hellooowww" and "yowowowow" (keep in mind that "y" is not a vowel), and the last vowel of each line is "o".

For example of a not beautiful lyric,

"hey man"

"iam mcdic"

is not a beautiful lyric because "hey" and "iam" don't have same number of vowels and the last vowels of two lines are different ("a" in the first and "i" in the second).

How many beautiful lyrics can you write from given words? Note that you cannot use a word more times than it is given to you. For example, if a word is given three times, you can use it at most three times.

Input

The first line contains single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^{5}) — the number of words.

The i-th of the next n lines contains string s_{i} consisting lowercase alphabet letters — the i-th word. It is guaranteed that the sum of the total word length is equal or less than 10^{6}. Each word contains at least one vowel.

Output

In the first line, print m — the number of maximum possible beautiful lyrics.

In next 2m lines, print m beautiful lyrics (two lines per lyric).

If there are multiple answers, print any.

Examples

Input

14
wow
this
is
the
first
mcdics
codeforces
round
hooray
i
am
proud
about
that

Output

3
about proud
hooray round
wow first
this is
i that
mcdics am

Input

7
arsijo
suggested
the
idea
for
this
problem

Output

0

Input

4
same
same
same
differ

Output

1
same differ
same same

Note

In the first example, those beautiful lyrics are one of the possible answers. Let's look at the first lyric on the sample output of the first example. "about proud hooray round" forms a beautiful lyric because "about" and "hooray" have same number of vowels, "proud" and "round" have same number of vowels, and both lines have same last vowel. On the other hand, you cannot form any beautiful lyric with the word "codeforces".

In the second example, you cannot form any beautiful lyric from given words.

In the third example, you can use the word "same" up to three times.


You are given a 0-1 rectangular matrix. What is the number of squares in it? A square is a solid square frame (border) with linewidth equal to 1. A square should be at least 2 × 2. We are only interested in two types of squares:

  1. squares with each side parallel to a side of the matrix;
  2. squares with each side parallel to a diagonal of the matrix.

    For example the following matrix contains only one square of the first type:
    0000000
    0111100
    0100100
    0100100
    0111100

    The following matrix contains only one square of the second type:
    0000000
    0010000
    0101000
    0010000
    0000000

Regardless of type, a square must contain at least one 1 and can't touch (by side or corner) any foreign 1. Of course, the lengths of the sides of each square should be equal.

How many squares are in the given matrix?

Input

The first line contains integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10000), where t is the number of test cases in the input. Then test cases follow. Each case starts with a line containing integers n and m (2 ≤ n, m ≤ 250), where n is the number of rows and m is the number of columns. The following n lines contain m characters each (0 or 1).

The total number of characters in all test cases doesn't exceed 106 for any input file.

Output

You should output exactly t lines, with the answer to the i-th test case on the i-th line.

Examples

Input

2
8 8
00010001
00101000
01000100
10000010
01000100
00101000
11010011
11000011
10 10
1111111000
1000001000
1011001000
1011001010
1000001101
1001001010
1010101000
1001001000
1000001000
1111111000

Output

1
2

Input

1
12 11
11111111111
10000000001
10111111101
10100000101
10101100101
10101100101
10100000101
10100000101
10111111101
10000000001
11111111111
00000000000

Output

3


You are given an undirected graph with n vertices numbered from 1 to n. Initially there are no edges.

You are asked to perform some queries on the graph. Let last be the answer to the latest query of the second type, it is set to 0 before the first such query. Then the queries are the following:

  * 1~x~y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n, x ≠ y) — add an undirected edge between the vertices (x + last - 1)~mod~n + 1 and (y + last - 1)~mod~n + 1 if it doesn't exist yet, otherwise remove it;
  * 2~x~y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n, x ≠ y) — check if there exists a path between the vertices (x + last - 1)~mod~n + 1 and (y + last - 1)~mod~n + 1, which goes only through currently existing edges, and set last to 1 if so and 0 otherwise.

Good luck!

Input

The first line contains two integer numbers n and m (2 ≤ n, m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices and the number of queries, respectively.

Each of the following m lines contains a query of one of two aforementioned types. It is guaranteed that there is at least one query of the second type.

Output

Print a string, consisting of characters '0' and '1'. The i-th character should be the answer to the i-th query of the second type. Therefore the length of the string should be equal to the number of queries of the second type.

Examples

Input

5 9
1 1 2
1 1 3
2 3 2
1 2 4
2 3 4
1 2 4
2 3 4
1 1 3
2 4 3

Output

1010

Input

3 9
1 1 2
1 2 3
1 3 1
2 1 3
1 3 2
2 2 3
1 1 2
2 1 2
2 1 2

Output

1101

Note

The converted queries in the first example are:

  * 1 1 2
  * 1 1 3
  * 2 3 2
  * 1 3 5
  * 2 4 5
  * 1 2 4
  * 2 3 4
  * 1 2 4
  * 2 5 4

The converted queries in the second example are:

  * 1 1 2
  * 1 2 3
  * 1 3 1
  * 2 1 3
  * 1 1 3
  * 2 3 1
  * 1 2 3
  * 2 2 3
  * 2 1 2


You are given a weighted tree consisting of n vertices. Recall that a tree is a connected graph without cycles. Vertices u_i and v_i are connected by an edge with weight w_i.

Let's define the k-coloring of the tree as an assignment of exactly k colors to each vertex, so that each color is used no more than two times. You can assume that you have infinitely many colors available. We say that an edge is saturated in the given k-coloring if its endpoints share at least one color (i.e. there exists a color that is assigned to both endpoints).

Let's also define the value of a k-coloring as the sum of weights of saturated edges.

Please calculate the maximum possible value of a k-coloring of the given tree.

You have to answer q independent queries.

Input

The first line contains one integer q (1 ≤ q ≤ 5 ⋅ 10^5) – the number of queries.

The first line of each query contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ n, k ≤ 5 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree and the number of colors to assign to each vertex, respectively.

Each of the next n - 1 lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge i is denoted by three integers u_i, v_i and w_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i, 1 ≤ w_i ≤ 10^5) — the labels of vertices it connects and the weight of the edge. It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree.

It is guaranteed that sum of all n over all queries does not exceed 5 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each query print one integer — the maximum value of a k-coloring of the given tree.

Example

Input

2
4 1
1 2 5
3 1 2
3 4 3
7 2
1 2 5
1 3 4
1 4 2
2 5 1
2 6 2
4 7 3

Output

8
14

Note

The tree corresponding to the first query in the example:

<image>

One of the possible k-colorings in the first example: (1), (1), (2), (2), then the 1-st and the 3-rd edges are saturated and the sum of their weights is 8.

The tree corresponding to the second query in the example:

<image>

One of the possible k-colorings in the second example: (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (3, 4), (5, 6), then the 1-st, 2-nd, 5-th and 6-th edges are saturated and the sum of their weights is 14.


You are playing a computer game, where you lead a party of m soldiers. Each soldier is characterised by his agility a_i.

The level you are trying to get through can be represented as a straight line segment from point 0 (where you and your squad is initially located) to point n + 1 (where the boss is located).

The level is filled with k traps. Each trap is represented by three numbers l_i, r_i and d_i. l_i is the location of the trap, and d_i is the danger level of the trap: whenever a soldier with agility lower than d_i steps on a trap (that is, moves to the point l_i), he gets instantly killed. Fortunately, you can disarm traps: if you move to the point r_i, you disarm this trap, and it no longer poses any danger to your soldiers. Traps don't affect you, only your soldiers.

You have t seconds to complete the level — that is, to bring some soldiers from your squad to the boss. Before the level starts, you choose which soldiers will be coming with you, and which soldiers won't be. After that, you have to bring all of the chosen soldiers to the boss. To do so, you may perform the following actions:

  * if your location is x, you may move to x + 1 or x - 1. This action consumes one second;
  * if your location is x and the location of your squad is x, you may move to x + 1 or to x - 1 with your squad in one second. You may not perform this action if it puts some soldier in danger (i. e. the point your squad is moving into contains a non-disarmed trap with d_i greater than agility of some soldier from the squad). This action consumes one second;
  * if your location is x and there is a trap i with r_i = x, you may disarm this trap. This action is done instantly (it consumes no time).

Note that after each action both your coordinate and the coordinate of your squad should be integers.

You have to choose the maximum number of soldiers such that they all can be brought from the point 0 to the point n + 1 (where the boss waits) in no more than t seconds.

Input

The first line contains four integers m, n, k and t (1 ≤ m, n, k, t ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5, n < t) — the number of soldiers, the number of integer points between the squad and the boss, the number of traps and the maximum number of seconds you may spend to bring the squad to the boss, respectively.

The second line contains m integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_m (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5), where a_i is the agility of the i-th soldier.

Then k lines follow, containing the descriptions of traps. Each line contains three numbers l_i, r_i and d_i (1 ≤ l_i ≤ r_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ d_i ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the location of the trap, the location where the trap can be disarmed, and its danger level, respectively.

Output

Print one integer — the maximum number of soldiers you may choose so that you may bring them all to the boss in no more than t seconds.

Example

Input

5 6 4 14
1 2 3 4 5
1 5 2
1 2 5
2 3 5
3 5 3

Output

3

Note

In the first example you may take soldiers with agility 3, 4 and 5 with you. The course of action is as follows:

  * go to 2 without your squad;
  * disarm the trap 2;
  * go to 3 without your squad;
  * disartm the trap 3;
  * go to 0 without your squad;
  * go to 7 with your squad.

The whole plan can be executed in 13 seconds.


This is an interactive problem.

After completing the last level of the enchanted temple, you received a powerful artifact of the 255th level. Do not rush to celebrate, because this artifact has a powerful rune that can be destroyed with a single spell s, which you are going to find.

We define the spell as some non-empty string consisting only of the letters a and b.

At any time, you can cast an arbitrary non-empty spell t, and the rune on the artifact will begin to resist. Resistance of the rune is the edit distance between the strings that specify the casted spell t and the rune-destroying spell s.

[Edit distance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance) of two strings s and t is a value equal to the minimum number of one-character operations of replacing, inserting and deleting characters in s to get t. For example, the distance between ababa and aaa is 2, the distance between aaa and aba is 1, the distance between bbaba and abb is 3. The edit distance is 0 if and only if the strings are equal.

It is also worth considering that the artifact has a resistance limit — if you cast more than n + 2 spells, where n is the length of spell s, the rune will be blocked.

Thus, it takes n + 2 or fewer spells to destroy the rune that is on your artifact. Keep in mind that the required destructive spell s must also be counted among these n + 2 spells.

Note that the length n of the rune-destroying spell s is not known to you in advance. It is only known that its length n does not exceed 300.

Interaction

Interaction is happening through queries.

Each request consists of a single non-empty string t — the spell you want to cast. The length of string t should not exceed 300. Each string should consist only of the letters a and b.

In response to the query, you will get resistance runes — the edit distance between the strings that specify the casted spell t and the secret rune-destroying spell s. Remember that s contains only the letters a and b.

After breaking the rune, your program should end immediately. A rune is destroyed when you get a response with resistance 0. After receiving the value 0, your program should terminate normally.

In this problem interactor is not adaptive. This means that during any test the rune-destroying spell s does not change.

If your query is invalid, -1 will be returned. After receiving this your program should immediately terminate normally (for example, by calling exit(0)), otherwise, the testing system may issue an arbitrary verdict.

If the number of spells exceeds limit (n + 2, where n is the length of the spell s, which is unknown to you), you will get the Wrong Answer verdict.

Your solution may receive the verdict Idleness Limit Exceeded if you don't output anything or forget to flush the output buffer.

To flush the output buffer, you need to do the following immediately after printing the query and the line end:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++;
  * System.out.flush() in Java;
  * flush(output) in Pascal;
  * stdout.flush() in Python;
  * for other languages see documentation.

Hacks

For hacks, use the following format:

In a single line print the string s (1 ≤ |s| ≤ 300) of letters a and b, which defines the rune-destroying spell.

The hacked solution will not have direct access to the unknown spell.

Example

Input

2

2

1

2

3

0

Output

aaa

aaab

abba

bba

abaaa

aabba


This is an unusual problem in an unusual contest, here is the announcement: [http://codeforces.com/blog/entry/73543](//codeforces.com/blog/entry/73543)

Andrey has just started to study competitive programming and he is fascinated by bitsets and operations on them.

For example, assume he has a bitset with n elements. He can change the values of the bitset in the following way:

  1. He chooses different indices i_0, i_1, i_2, ... i_k (k ≥ 1, 1 ≤ i_j ≤ n) so that bit i_0 is different from all bits i_1, i_2, ... i_k.
  2. He flips all these k + 1 bits.

He calls a bitset amazing if he can flip all the bits using several such changes.

Another topic Andrey is interested in is probability theory. For given n and p, where p is a rational number represented as a/b with integer a, b, he considers all bitsets of length n, where each element is equal to 1 with probability p independently of the other elements.

He wants to know the probability that a bitset generated by the described method is amazing.

It is guaranteed that the answer to this problem can be represented as a rational number x/y, where y is coprime with 1 234 567 891. You need to output such integer z that x ≡ yz \pmod{1 234 567 891} and 0 ≤ z < 1 234 567 891.

Input

The only line contains three integers n, a, b (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^9, 0 ≤ a ≤ 10^5, 1 ≤ b ≤ 10^5, a ≤ b), denoting the length of the bitset and the probability of an element to be 1 (probability is a/b).

Output

Output the answer to the problem in the only line.

Examples

Input

5 1 2

Output

848765426

Input

1 228 239

Output

0


This is the hard version of the problem. The difference is the constraint on the sum of lengths of strings and the number of test cases. You can make hacks only if you solve all versions of this task.

You are given a string s, consisting of lowercase English letters. Find the longest string, t, which satisfies the following conditions:

  * The length of t does not exceed the length of s.
  * t is a palindrome.
  * There exists two strings a and b (possibly empty), such that t = a + b ( "+" represents concatenation), and a is prefix of s while b is suffix of s.

Input

The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^5), the number of test cases. The next t lines each describe a test case.

Each test case is a non-empty string s, consisting of lowercase English letters.

It is guaranteed that the sum of lengths of strings over all test cases does not exceed 10^6.

Output

For each test case, print the longest string which satisfies the conditions described above. If there exists multiple possible solutions, print any of them.

Example

Input

5
a
abcdfdcecba
abbaxyzyx
codeforces
acbba

Output

a
abcdfdcba
xyzyx
c
abba

Note

In the first test, the string s = "a" satisfies all conditions.

In the second test, the string "abcdfdcba" satisfies all conditions, because:

  * Its length is 9, which does not exceed the length of the string s, which equals 11.
  * It is a palindrome.
  * "abcdfdcba" = "abcdfdc" + "ba", and "abcdfdc" is a prefix of s while "ba" is a suffix of s.

It can be proven that there does not exist a longer string which satisfies the conditions.

In the fourth test, the string "c" is correct, because "c" = "c" + "" and a or b can be empty. The other possible solution for this test is "s".


A monopole magnet is a magnet that only has one pole, either north or south. They don't actually exist since real magnets have two poles, but this is a programming contest problem, so we don't care.

There is an n× m grid. Initially, you may place some north magnets and some south magnets into the cells. You are allowed to place as many magnets as you like, even multiple in the same cell.

An operation is performed as follows. Choose a north magnet and a south magnet to activate. If they are in the same row or the same column and they occupy different cells, then the north magnet moves one unit closer to the south magnet. Otherwise, if they occupy the same cell or do not share a row or column, then nothing changes. Note that the south magnets are immovable.

Each cell of the grid is colored black or white. Let's consider ways to place magnets in the cells so that the following conditions are met.

  1. There is at least one south magnet in every row and every column.
  2. If a cell is colored black, then it is possible for a north magnet to occupy this cell after some sequence of operations from the initial placement.
  3. If a cell is colored white, then it is impossible for a north magnet to occupy this cell after some sequence of operations from the initial placement.

Determine if it is possible to place magnets such that these conditions are met. If it is possible, find the minimum number of north magnets required (there are no requirements on the number of south magnets).

Input

The first line contains two integers n and m (1≤ n,m≤ 1000) — the number of rows and the number of columns, respectively.

The next n lines describe the coloring. The i-th of these lines contains a string of length m, where the j-th character denotes the color of the cell in row i and column j. The characters "#" and "." represent black and white, respectively. It is guaranteed, that the string will not contain any other characters.

Output

Output a single integer, the minimum possible number of north magnets required.

If there is no placement of magnets that satisfies all conditions, print a single integer -1.

Examples

Input

3 3
.#.
###
##.

Output

1

Input

4 2
##
.#
.#
##

Output

-1

Input

4 5
....#
####.
.###.
.#...

Output

2

Input

2 1
.
#

Output

-1

Input

3 5
.....
.....
.....

Output

0

Note

In the first test, here is an example placement of magnets:

<image>

In the second test, we can show that no required placement of magnets exists. Here are three example placements that fail to meet the requirements. The first example violates rule 3 since we can move the north magnet down onto a white square. The second example violates rule 2 since we cannot move the north magnet to the bottom-left black square by any sequence of operations. The third example violates rule 1 since there is no south magnet in the first column.

<image>

In the third test, here is an example placement of magnets. We can show that there is no required placement of magnets with fewer north magnets.

<image>

In the fourth test, we can show that no required placement of magnets exists. Here are two example placements that fail to meet the requirements. The first example violates rule 1 since there is no south magnet in the first row. The second example violates rules 1 and 3 since there is no south magnet in the second row and we can move the north magnet up one unit onto a white square.

<image>

In the fifth test, we can put the south magnet in each cell and no north magnets. Because there are no black cells, it will be a correct placement.


Polycarp and his friends want to visit a new restaurant. The restaurant has n tables arranged along a straight line. People are already sitting at some tables. The tables are numbered from 1 to n in the order from left to right. The state of the restaurant is described by a string of length n which contains characters "1" (the table is occupied) and "0" (the table is empty).

Restaurant rules prohibit people to sit at a distance of k or less from each other. That is, if a person sits at the table number i, then all tables with numbers from i-k to i+k (except for the i-th) should be free. In other words, the absolute difference of the numbers of any two occupied tables must be strictly greater than k.

For example, if n=8 and k=2, then:

  * strings "10010001", "10000010", "00000000", "00100000" satisfy the rules of the restaurant;
  * strings "10100100", "10011001", "11111111" do not satisfy to the rules of the restaurant, since each of them has a pair of "1" with a distance less than or equal to k=2.

In particular, if the state of the restaurant is described by a string without "1" or a string with one "1", then the requirement of the restaurant is satisfied.

You are given a binary string s that describes the current state of the restaurant. It is guaranteed that the rules of the restaurant are satisfied for the string s.

Find the maximum number of free tables that you can occupy so as not to violate the rules of the restaurant. Formally, what is the maximum number of "0" that can be replaced by "1" such that the requirement will still be satisfied?

For example, if n=6, k=1, s= "100010", then the answer to the problem will be 1, since only the table at position 3 can be occupied such that the rules are still satisfied.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases in the test. Then t test cases follow.

Each test case starts with a line containing two integers n and k (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 2⋅ 10^5) — the number of tables in the restaurant and the minimum allowed distance between two people.

The second line of each test case contains a binary string s of length n consisting of "0" and "1" — a description of the free and occupied tables in the restaurant. The given string satisfy to the rules of the restaurant — the difference between indices of any two "1" is more than k.

The sum of n for all test cases in one test does not exceed 2⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case output one integer — the number of tables that you can occupy so as not to violate the rules of the restaurant. If additional tables cannot be taken, then, obviously, you need to output 0.

Example

Input

6
6 1
100010
6 2
000000
5 1
10101
3 1
001
2 2
00
1 1
0

Output

1
2
0
1
1
1

Note

The first test case is explained in the statement.

In the second test case, the answer is 2, since you can choose the first and the sixth table.

In the third test case, you cannot take any free table without violating the rules of the restaurant.


Uncle Bogdan is in captain Flint's crew for a long time and sometimes gets nostalgic for his homeland. Today he told you how his country introduced a happiness index.

There are n cities and n−1 undirected roads connecting pairs of cities. Citizens of any city can reach any other city traveling by these roads. Cities are numbered from 1 to n and the city 1 is a capital. In other words, the country has a tree structure.

There are m citizens living in the country. A p_i people live in the i-th city but all of them are working in the capital. At evening all citizens return to their home cities using the shortest paths.

Every person has its own mood: somebody leaves his workplace in good mood but somebody are already in bad mood. Moreover any person can ruin his mood on the way to the hometown. If person is in bad mood he won't improve it.

Happiness detectors are installed in each city to monitor the happiness of each person who visits the city. The detector in the i-th city calculates a happiness index h_i as the number of people in good mood minus the number of people in bad mood. Let's say for the simplicity that mood of a person doesn't change inside the city.

Happiness detector is still in development, so there is a probability of a mistake in judging a person's happiness. One late evening, when all citizens successfully returned home, the government asked uncle Bogdan (the best programmer of the country) to check the correctness of the collected happiness indexes.

Uncle Bogdan successfully solved the problem. Can you do the same?

More formally, You need to check: "Is it possible that, after all people return home, for each city i the happiness index will be equal exactly to h_i".

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10000) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^5; 0 ≤ m ≤ 10^9) — the number of cities and citizens.

The second line of each test case contains n integers p_1, p_2, …, p_{n} (0 ≤ p_i ≤ m; p_1 + p_2 + … + p_{n} = m), where p_i is the number of people living in the i-th city.

The third line contains n integers h_1, h_2, …, h_{n} (-10^9 ≤ h_i ≤ 10^9), where h_i is the calculated happiness index of the i-th city.

Next n − 1 lines contain description of the roads, one per line. Each line contains two integers x_i and y_i (1 ≤ x_i, y_i ≤ n; x_i ≠ y_i), where x_i and y_i are cities connected by the i-th road.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n from all test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print YES, if the collected data is correct, or NO — otherwise. You can print characters in YES or NO in any case.

Examples

Input

2
7 4
1 0 1 1 0 1 0
4 0 0 -1 0 -1 0
1 2
1 3
1 4
3 5
3 6
3 7
5 11
1 2 5 2 1
-11 -2 -6 -2 -1
1 2
1 3
1 4
3 5

Output

YES
YES

Input

2
4 4
1 1 1 1
4 1 -3 -1
1 2
1 3
1 4
3 13
3 3 7
13 1 4
1 2
1 3

Output

NO
NO

Note

Let's look at the first test case of the first sample:

<image>

At first, all citizens are in the capital. Let's describe one of possible scenarios:

  * a person from city 1: he lives in the capital and is in good mood;
  * a person from city 4: he visited cities 1 and 4, his mood was ruined between cities 1 and 4;
  * a person from city 3: he visited cities 1 and 3 in good mood;
  * a person from city 6: he visited cities 1, 3 and 6, his mood was ruined between cities 1 and 3;

In total,
  * h_1 = 4 - 0 = 4,
  * h_2 = 0,
  * h_3 = 1 - 1 = 0,
  * h_4 = 0 - 1 = -1,
  * h_5 = 0,
  * h_6 = 0 - 1 = -1,
  * h_7 = 0.

The second case of the first test:

<image>

All people have already started in bad mood in the capital — this is the only possible scenario.

The first case of the second test:

<image>

The second case of the second test:

<image>

It can be proven that there is no way to achieve given happiness indexes in both cases of the second test.


You are given two integers a and b.

In one move, you can choose some integer k from 1 to 10 and add it to a or subtract it from a. In other words, you choose an integer k ∈ [1; 10] and perform a := a + k or a := a - k. You may use different values of k in different moves.

Your task is to find the minimum number of moves required to obtain b from a.

You have to answer t independent test cases.

Input

The first line of the input contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t test cases follow.

The only line of the test case contains two integers a and b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case, print the answer: the minimum number of moves required to obtain b from a.

Example

Input

6
5 5
13 42
18 4
1337 420
123456789 1000000000
100500 9000

Output

0
3
2
92
87654322
9150

Note

In the first test case of the example, you don't need to do anything.

In the second test case of the example, the following sequence of moves can be applied: 13 → 23 → 32 → 42 (add 10, add 9, add 10).

In the third test case of the example, the following sequence of moves can be applied: 18 → 10 → 4 (subtract 8, subtract 6).


Having learned (not without some help from the Codeforces participants) to play the card game from the previous round optimally, Shrek and Donkey (as you may remember, they too live now in the Kingdom of Far Far Away) have decided to quit the boring card games and play with toy soldiers.

The rules of the game are as follows: there is a battlefield, its size equals n × m squares, some squares contain the toy soldiers (the green ones belong to Shrek and the red ones belong to Donkey). Besides, each of the n lines of the area contains not more than two soldiers. During a move a players should select not less than 1 and not more than k soldiers belonging to him and make them either attack or retreat.

An attack is moving all of the selected soldiers along the lines on which they stand in the direction of an enemy soldier, if he is in this line. If this line doesn't have an enemy soldier, then the selected soldier on this line can move in any direction during the player's move. Each selected soldier has to move at least by one cell. Different soldiers can move by a different number of cells. During the attack the soldiers are not allowed to cross the cells where other soldiers stand (or stood immediately before the attack). It is also not allowed to go beyond the battlefield or finish the attack in the cells, where other soldiers stand (or stood immediately before attack).

A retreat is moving all of the selected soldiers along the lines on which they stand in the direction from an enemy soldier, if he is in this line. The other rules repeat the rules of the attack.

For example, let's suppose that the original battlefield had the form (here symbols "G" mark Shrek's green soldiers and symbols "R" mark Donkey's red ones):

    -G-R-
    -R-G-

Let's suppose that k = 2 and Shrek moves first. If he decides to attack, then after his move the battlefield can look like that:

    --GR-     --GR-     -G-R-
    -RG--     -R-G-     -RG--

If in the previous example Shrek decides to retreat, then after his move the battlefield can look like that:

    G--R-     G--R-     -G-R-
    -R--G     -R-G-     -R--G

On the other hand, the followings fields cannot result from Shrek's correct move:

    G--R-     ---RG     --GR-
    -RG--     -R-G-     GR---

Shrek starts the game. To make a move means to attack or to retreat by the rules. A player who cannot make a move loses and his opponent is the winner. Determine the winner of the given toy soldier game if Shrek and Donkey continue to be under the yellow pills from the last rounds' problem. Thus, they always play optimally (that is, they try to win if it is possible, or finish the game in a draw, by ensuring that it lasts forever, if they cannot win).

Input

The first line contains space-separated integers n, m and k (1 ≤ n, m, k ≤ 100). Then n lines contain m characters each. These characters belong to the set {"-", "G", "R"}, denoting, respectively, a battlefield's free cell, a cell occupied by Shrek's soldiers and a cell occupied by Donkey's soldiers.

It is guaranteed that each line contains no more than two soldiers.

Output

Print "First" (without the quotes) if Shrek wins in the given Toy Soldier game. If Donkey wins, print "Second" (without the quotes). If the game continues forever, print "Draw" (also without the quotes).

Examples

Input

2 3 1
R-G
RG-

Output

First

Input

3 3 2
G-R
R-G
G-R

Output

Second

Input

2 3 1
-R-
-G-

Output

Draw

Input

2 5 2
-G-R-
-R-G-

Output

First


Gildong's town has a train system that has 100 trains that travel from the bottom end to the top end and 100 trains that travel from the left end to the right end. The trains starting from each side are numbered from 1 to 100, respectively, and all trains have the same speed. Let's take a look at the picture below.

<image>

The train system can be represented as coordinates on a 2D plane. The i-th train starting at the bottom end is initially at (i,0) and will be at (i,T) after T minutes, and the i-th train starting at the left end is initially at (0,i) and will be at (T,i) after T minutes. All trains arrive at their destinations after 101 minutes.

However, Gildong found that some trains scheduled to depart at a specific time, simultaneously, are very dangerous. At this time, n trains are scheduled to depart from the bottom end and m trains are scheduled to depart from the left end. If two trains are both at (x,y) at the same time for some x and y, they will crash into each other. Therefore, he is asking you to find the minimum number of trains that should be cancelled to prevent all such crashes.

Input

Each test contains one or more test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100).

Each test case contains three lines. The first line of each test case consists of two integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 100) — the number of trains scheduled to depart from the bottom end, and the number of trains scheduled to depart from the left end, respectively.

The second line of each test case contains n integers. Each integer is a train number that is scheduled to start from the bottom end. The numbers are given in strictly increasing order, and are between 1 and 100, inclusive.

The third line of each test case contains m integers. Each integer is a train number that is scheduled to start from the left end. The numbers are given in strictly increasing order, and are between 1 and 100, inclusive.

Output

For each test case, print a single integer: the minimum number of trains that should be canceled in order to prevent all crashes.

Example

Input

3
1 2
1
3 4
3 2
1 3 4
2 4
9 14
2 7 16 28 33 57 59 86 99
3 9 14 19 25 26 28 35 41 59 85 87 99 100

Output

0
1
3

Note

In the first case, we can show that there will be no crashes if the current schedule is followed. Therefore, the answer is zero.

In the second case, at T=4, there will be a crash, as can be seen in the picture below. We can prove that after canceling one of these trains, the remaining trains will not crash. Therefore, the answer is one.

<image>


There are n lanterns in a row. The lantern i is placed in position i and has power equal to p_i.

Each lantern can be directed to illuminate either some lanterns to the left or some lanterns to the right. If the i-th lantern is turned to the left, it illuminates all such lanterns j that j ∈ [i - p_i, i - 1]. Similarly, if it is turned to the right, it illuminates all such lanterns j that j ∈ [i + 1, i + p_i].

Your goal is to choose a direction for each lantern so each lantern is illuminated by at least one other lantern, or report that it is impossible.

Input

The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10000) — the number of test cases.

Each test case consists of two lines. The first line contains one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 3 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of lanterns.

The second line contains n integers p_1, p_2, ..., p_n (0 ≤ p_i ≤ n) — the power of the i-th lantern.

The sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 3 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the answer as follows:

If it is possible to direct all lanterns so that each lantern is illuminated, print YES in the first line and a string of n characters L and/or R (the i-th character is L if the i-th lantern is turned to the left, otherwise this character is R) in the second line. If there are multiple answers, you may print any of them.

If there is no answer, simply print NO for that test case.

Example

Input

4
8
0 0 3 1 1 1 1 2
2
1 1
2
2 2
2
0 1

Output

YES
RRLLLLRL
YES
RL
YES
RL
NO


There are n cities numbered from 1 to n, and city i has beauty a_i.

A salesman wants to start at city 1, visit every city exactly once, and return to city 1.

For all i≠ j, a flight from city i to city j costs max(c_i,a_j-a_i) dollars, where c_i is the price floor enforced by city i. Note that there is no absolute value. Find the minimum total cost for the salesman to complete his trip.

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (2≤ n≤ 10^5) — the number of cities.

The i-th of the next n lines contains two integers a_i, c_i (0≤ a_i,c_i≤ 10^9) — the beauty and price floor of the i-th city.

Output

Output a single integer — the minimum total cost.

Examples

Input

3
1 9
2 1
4 1

Output

11

Input

6
4 2
8 4
3 0
2 3
7 1
0 1

Output

13

Note

In the first test case, we can travel in order 1→ 3→ 2→ 1.

  * The flight 1→ 3 costs max(c_1,a_3-a_1)=max(9,4-1)=9.
  * The flight 3→ 2 costs max(c_3, a_2-a_3)=max(1,2-4)=1.
  * The flight 2→ 1 costs max(c_2,a_1-a_2)=max(1,1-2)=1.

The total cost is 11, and we cannot do better.


Given an integer n, find the maximum value of integer k such that the following condition holds:

n & (n-1) & (n-2) & (n-3) & ... (k) = 0  where & denotes the [bitwise AND operation.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND)

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 3 ⋅ 10^4). Then t test cases follow.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case, output a single integer — the required integer k.

Example

Input

3
2
5
17

Output

1
3
15

Note

In the first testcase, the maximum value for which the continuous & operation gives 0 value, is 1.

In the second testcase, the maximum value for which the continuous & operation gives 0 value, is 3. No value greater then 3, say for example 4, will give the & sum 0.

  * 5   \&   4 ≠ 0,
  * 5   \&   4   \&   3 = 0.

Hence, 3 is the answer.


Cool J has recently become a businessman Mr. Jackson, and he has to make a lot of phone calls now. Today he has n calls planned. For each call we know the moment ti (in seconds since the start of the day) when it is scheduled to start and its duration di (in seconds). All ti are different. Mr. Jackson is a very important person, so he never dials anybody himself, all calls will be incoming.

Mr. Jackson isn't Caesar and he can't do several things at once. If somebody calls him while he hasn't finished the previous conversation, Mr. Jackson puts the new call on hold in the queue. In this case immediately after the end of the current call Mr. Jackson takes the earliest incoming call from the queue and starts the conversation. If Mr. Jackson started the call at the second t, and the call continues for d seconds, then Mr. Jackson is busy at seconds t, t + 1, ..., t + d - 1, and he can start a new call at second t + d. Note that if Mr. Jackson is not busy talking when somebody calls, he can't put this call on hold.

Mr. Jackson isn't Napoleon either, he likes to sleep. So sometimes he allows himself the luxury of ignoring a call, as if it never was scheduled. He can ignore at most k calls. Note that a call which comes while he is busy talking can be ignored as well.

What is the maximum number of seconds Mr. Jackson can sleep today, assuming that he can choose an arbitrary continuous time segment from the current day (that is, with seconds from the 1-st to the 86400-th, inclusive) when he is not busy talking?

Note that some calls can be continued or postponed to the next day or even later. However, the interval for sleep should be completely within the current day.

Input

The first input line contains a pair of integers n, k (0 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 4000) separated by a space. Following n lines contain the description of calls for today. The description of each call is located on the single line and consists of two space-separated integers ti and di, (1 ≤ ti, di ≤ 86400). All ti are distinct, the calls are given in the order of strict increasing ti.

Scheduled times of calls [ti, ti + di - 1] can arbitrarily intersect.

Output

Print a number from 0 to 86400, inclusive — the maximally possible number of seconds for Mr. Jackson to sleep today.

Examples

Input

3 2
30000 15000
40000 15000
50000 15000

Output

49999

Input

5 1
1 20000
10000 10000
20000 20000
25000 10000
80000 60000

Output

39999

Note

In the first sample the most convenient way is to ignore the first two calls.

In the second sample it is best to ignore the third call. In this case Mr. Jackson will have been speaking:

  * first call: from 1-st to 20000-th second,
  * second call: from 20001-st to 30000-th second,
  * fourth call: from 30001-st to 40000-th second (the third call is ignored),
  * fifth call: from 80000-th to 139999-th second.

Thus, the longest period of free time is from the 40001-th to the 79999-th second.


The Smart Beaver from ABBYY loves puzzles. One of his favorite puzzles is the magic square. He has recently had an idea to automate the solution of this puzzle. The Beaver decided to offer this challenge to the ABBYY Cup contestants.

The magic square is a matrix of size n × n. The elements of this matrix are integers. The sum of numbers in each row of the matrix is equal to some number s. The sum of numbers in each column of the matrix is also equal to s. In addition, the sum of the elements on the main diagonal is equal to s and the sum of elements on the secondary diagonal is equal to s. Examples of magic squares are given in the following figure:

<image> Magic squares

You are given a set of n2 integers ai. It is required to place these numbers into a square matrix of size n × n so that they form a magic square. Note that each number must occur in the matrix exactly the same number of times as it occurs in the original set.

It is guaranteed that a solution exists!

Input

The first input line contains a single integer n. The next line contains n2 integers ai ( - 108 ≤ ai ≤ 108), separated by single spaces.

The input limitations for getting 20 points are:

  * 1 ≤ n ≤ 3

The input limitations for getting 50 points are:

  * 1 ≤ n ≤ 4
  * It is guaranteed that there are no more than 9 distinct numbers among ai.

The input limitations for getting 100 points are:

  * 1 ≤ n ≤ 4

Output

The first line of the output should contain a single integer s. In each of the following n lines print n integers, separated by spaces and describing the resulting magic square. In the resulting magic square the sums in the rows, columns and diagonals must be equal to s. If there are multiple solutions, you are allowed to print any of them.

Examples

Input

3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Output

15
2 7 6
9 5 1
4 3 8

Input

3
1 0 -1 0 2 -1 -2 0 1

Output

0
1 0 -1
-2 0 2
1 0 -1

Input

2
5 5 5 5

Output

10
5 5
5 5


Any resemblance to any real championship and sport is accidental.

The Berland National team takes part in the local Football championship which now has a group stage. Let's describe the formal rules of the local championship:

  * the team that kicked most balls in the enemy's goal area wins the game;
  * the victory gives 3 point to the team, the draw gives 1 point and the defeat gives 0 points;
  * a group consists of four teams, the teams are ranked by the results of six games: each team plays exactly once with each other team;
  * the teams that get places 1 and 2 in the group stage results, go to the next stage of the championship.

In the group stage the team's place is defined by the total number of scored points: the more points, the higher the place is. If two or more teams have the same number of points, then the following criteria are used (the criteria are listed in the order of falling priority, starting from the most important one):

  * the difference between the total number of scored goals and the total number of missed goals in the championship: the team with a higher value gets a higher place;
  * the total number of scored goals in the championship: the team with a higher value gets a higher place;
  * the lexicographical order of the name of the teams' countries: the country with the lexicographically smaller name gets a higher place.

The Berland team plays in the group where the results of 5 out of 6 games are already known. To be exact, there is the last game left. There the Berand national team plays with some other team. The coach asks you to find such score X:Y (where X is the number of goals Berland scored and Y is the number of goals the opponent scored in the game), that fulfills the following conditions:

  * X > Y, that is, Berland is going to win this game;
  * after the game Berland gets the 1st or the 2nd place in the group;
  * if there are multiple variants, you should choose such score X:Y, where value X - Y is minimum;
  * if it is still impossible to come up with one score, you should choose the score where value Y (the number of goals Berland misses) is minimum.

Input

The input has five lines.

Each line describes a game as "team1 team2 goals1:goals2" (without the quotes), what means that team team1 played a game with team team2, besides, team1 scored goals1 goals and team2 scored goals2 goals. The names of teams team1 and team2 are non-empty strings, consisting of uppercase English letters, with length of no more than 20 characters; goals1, goals2 are integers from 0 to 9.

The Berland team is called "BERLAND". It is guaranteed that the Berland team and one more team played exactly 2 games and the the other teams played exactly 3 games.

Output

Print the required score in the last game as X:Y, where X is the number of goals Berland scored and Y is the number of goals the opponent scored. If the Berland team does not get the first or the second place in the group, whatever this game's score is, then print on a single line "IMPOSSIBLE" (without the quotes).

Note, that the result score can be very huge, 10:0 for example.

Examples

Input

AERLAND DERLAND 2:1
DERLAND CERLAND 0:3
CERLAND AERLAND 0:1
AERLAND BERLAND 2:0
DERLAND BERLAND 4:0

Output

6:0

Input

AERLAND DERLAND 2:2
DERLAND CERLAND 2:3
CERLAND AERLAND 1:3
AERLAND BERLAND 2:1
DERLAND BERLAND 4:1

Output

IMPOSSIBLE

Note

In the first sample "BERLAND" plays the last game with team "CERLAND". If Berland wins with score 6:0, the results' table looks like that in the end:

  1. AERLAND (points: 9, the difference between scored and missed goals: 4, scored goals: 5)
  2. BERLAND (points: 3, the difference between scored and missed goals: 0, scored goals: 6)
  3. DERLAND (points: 3, the difference between scored and missed goals: 0, scored goals: 5)
  4. CERLAND (points: 3, the difference between scored and missed goals: -4, scored goals: 3)

In the second sample teams "AERLAND" and "DERLAND" have already won 7 and 4 points, respectively. The Berland team wins only 3 points, which is not enough to advance to the next championship stage.


Numbers k-bonacci (k is integer, k > 1) are a generalization of Fibonacci numbers and are determined as follows:

  * F(k, n) = 0, for integer n, 1 ≤ n < k;
  * F(k, k) = 1;
  * F(k, n) = F(k, n - 1) + F(k, n - 2) + ... + F(k, n - k), for integer n, n > k.

Note that we determine the k-bonacci numbers, F(k, n), only for integer values of n and k.

You've got a number s, represent it as a sum of several (at least two) distinct k-bonacci numbers.

Input

The first line contains two integers s and k (1 ≤ s, k ≤ 109; k > 1).

Output

In the first line print an integer m (m ≥ 2) that shows how many numbers are in the found representation. In the second line print m distinct integers a1, a2, ..., am. Each printed integer should be a k-bonacci number. The sum of printed integers must equal s.

It is guaranteed that the answer exists. If there are several possible answers, print any of them.

Examples

Input

5 2

Output

3
0 2 3

Input

21 5

Output

3
4 1 16


A Russian space traveller Alisa Selezneva, like any other schoolgirl of the late 21 century, is interested in science. She has recently visited the MIT (Moscow Institute of Time), where its chairman and the co-inventor of the time machine academician Petrov told her about the construction of a time machine.

During the demonstration of the time machine performance Alisa noticed that the machine does not have high speed and the girl got interested in the reason for such disadvantage. As it turns out on closer examination, one of the problems that should be solved for the time machine isn't solved by an optimal algorithm. If you find a way to solve this problem optimally, the time machine will run faster and use less energy.

A task that none of the staff can solve optimally is as follows. There exists a matrix a, which is filled by the following rule:

The cells are consecutive positive integers, starting with one. Besides, ai, j < at, k (i, j, t, k ≥ 1), if:

  1. max(i, j) < max(t, k);
  2. max(i, j) = max(t, k) and j < k;
  3. max(i, j) = max(t, k), j = k and i > t.

So, after the first 36 numbers are inserted, matrix a will look as follows:

<image>

To solve the problem, you should learn to find rather quickly for the given values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 (x1 ≤ x2, y1 ≤ y2) the meaning of expression:

<image>

As the meaning of this expression can be large enough, it is sufficient to know only the last 10 digits of the sought value.

So, no one in MTI can solve the given task. Alice was brave enough to use the time machine and travel the past to help you.

Your task is to write a program that uses the given values x1, y1, x2 and y2 finds the last 10 digits of the given expression.

Input

The first input line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 105) — the number of test sets for which you should solve the problem.

Each of the next t lines contains the description of a test — four positive integers x1, y1, x2 and y2 (1 ≤ x1 ≤ x2 ≤ 109, 1 ≤ y1 ≤ y2 ≤ 109), separated by spaces.

Output

For each query print the meaning of the expression if it contains at most 10 characters. Otherwise, print three characters "." (without the quotes), and then ten last digits of the time expression. Print the answer to each query on a single line. Follow the format, given in the sample as closely as possible.

Examples

Input

5
1 1 1 1
2 2 3 3
2 3 5 6
100 87 288 2002
4 2 5 4

Output

1
24
300
...5679392764
111


A k-multiple free set is a set of integers where there is no pair of integers where one is equal to another integer multiplied by k. That is, there are no two integers x and y (x < y) from the set, such that y = x·k.

You're given a set of n distinct positive integers. Your task is to find the size of it's largest k-multiple free subset.

Input

The first line of the input contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ n ≤ 105, 1 ≤ k ≤ 109). The next line contains a list of n distinct positive integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 109).

All the numbers in the lines are separated by single spaces.

Output

On the only line of the output print the size of the largest k-multiple free subset of {a1, a2, ..., an}.

Examples

Input

6 2
2 3 6 5 4 10

Output

3

Note

In the sample input one of the possible maximum 2-multiple free subsets is {4, 5, 6}.


Polar bears like unique arrays — that is, arrays without repeated elements.

You have got a unique array s with length n containing non-negative integers. Since you are good friends with Alice and Bob, you decide to split the array in two. Precisely, you need to construct two arrays a and b that are also of length n, with the following conditions for all i (1 ≤ i ≤ n):

  * ai, bi are non-negative integers;
  * si = ai + bi .

Ideally, a and b should also be unique arrays. However, life in the Arctic is hard and this is not always possible. Fortunately, Alice and Bob are still happy if their arrays are almost unique. We define an array of length n to be almost unique, if and only if it can be turned into a unique array by removing no more than <image> entries.

For example, the array [1, 2, 1, 3, 2] is almost unique because after removing the first two entries, it becomes [1, 3, 2]. The array [1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2] is not almost unique because we need to remove at least 3 entries to turn it into a unique array.

So, your task is to split the given unique array s into two almost unique arrays a and b.

Input

The first line of the input contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105).

The second line contains n distinct integers s1, s2, ... sn (0 ≤ si ≤ 109).

Output

If it is possible to make Alice and Bob happy (if you can split the given array), print "YES" (without quotes) in the first line. In the second line, print the array a. In the third line, print the array b. There may be more than one solution. Any of them will be accepted.

If it is impossible to split s into almost unique arrays a and b, print "NO" (without quotes) in the first line.

Examples

Input

6
12 5 8 3 11 9

Output

YES
6 2 6 0 2 4
6 3 2 3 9 5

Note

In the sample, we can remove the first two entries from a and the second entry from b to make them both unique.


A magic number is a number formed by concatenation of numbers 1, 14 and 144. We can use each of these numbers any number of times. Therefore 14144, 141414 and 1411 are magic numbers but 1444, 514 and 414 are not.

You're given a number. Determine if it is a magic number or not.

Input

The first line of input contains an integer n, (1 ≤ n ≤ 109). This number doesn't contain leading zeros.

Output

Print "YES" if n is a magic number or print "NO" if it's not.

Examples

Input

114114

Output

YES

Input

1111

Output

YES

Input

441231

Output

NO


It is Friday the 13th today, and even though you're a modern well-educated person, you can't help feeling a bit nervous about it. You decide to look for evidence against this superstition (or for it). As a first step, you recall all Fridays the 13th in your life and calculate how many of them were unusually bad — like that time when you decided to play a game on ZX Spectrum and ended up breaking your TV set. The problem is, you can't remember some Fridays, and you're not sure why — were they really that bad?

You have assembled a sequence of your recollections. Character "0" stands for a normal day, "1" — for a nasty one, and "?" means you have no idea what kind of day that was. Being a programmer, you decide to approximate these unknown days with independent random variables, which take value 1 with probability p, and 0 with probability (1 - p).

Given a string of your memories and the value of p, calculate out the expected value of average badness of your Fridays the 13th.

Input

The first line of the input contains a string s which represents your Fridays; s will contain between 1 and 50 characters, inclusive. Each character of s will be "0", "1" or "?".

The second line of the input contains a double p (0 ≤ p ≤ 1). Double p is given with at most 2 digits after the decimal point.

Output

Output the expected value of average badness of your Fridays with exactly 5 decimal places. Please, use standard mathematical rules when you are rounding an answer.

Examples

Input

?111?1??1
1.0

Output

1.00000

Input

01?10??10000
0.5

Output

0.37500

Note

In the first case, you're doomed. DOOMED! Sorry, just had to say that.


Sereja loves all sorts of algorithms. He has recently come up with a new algorithm, which receives a string as an input. Let's represent the input string of the algorithm as q = q1q2... qk. The algorithm consists of two steps:

  1. Find any continuous subsequence (substring) of three characters of string q, which doesn't equal to either string "zyx", "xzy", "yxz". If q doesn't contain any such subsequence, terminate the algorithm, otherwise go to step 2.
  2. Rearrange the letters of the found subsequence randomly and go to step 1.

Sereja thinks that the algorithm works correctly on string q if there is a non-zero probability that the algorithm will be terminated. But if the algorithm anyway will work for infinitely long on a string, then we consider the algorithm to work incorrectly on this string.

Sereja wants to test his algorithm. For that, he has string s = s1s2... sn, consisting of n characters. The boy conducts a series of m tests. As the i-th test, he sends substring slisli + 1... sri (1 ≤ li ≤ ri ≤ n) to the algorithm input. Unfortunately, the implementation of his algorithm works too long, so Sereja asked you to help. For each test (li, ri) determine if the algorithm works correctly on this test or not.

Input

The first line contains non-empty string s, its length (n) doesn't exceed 105. It is guaranteed that string s only contains characters: 'x', 'y', 'z'.

The second line contains integer m (1 ≤ m ≤ 105) — the number of tests. Next m lines contain the tests. The i-th line contains a pair of integers li, ri (1 ≤ li ≤ ri ≤ n).

Output

For each test, print "YES" (without the quotes) if the algorithm works correctly on the corresponding test and "NO" (without the quotes) otherwise.

Examples

Input

zyxxxxxxyyz
5
5 5
1 3
1 11
1 4
3 6

Output

YES
YES
NO
YES
NO

Note

In the first example, in test one and two the algorithm will always be terminated in one step. In the fourth test you can get string "xzyx" on which the algorithm will terminate. In all other tests the algorithm doesn't work correctly.


Inna loves sweets very much. That's why she decided to play a game called "Sweet Matrix".

Inna sees an n × m matrix and k candies. We'll index the matrix rows from 1 to n and the matrix columns from 1 to m. We'll represent the cell in the i-th row and j-th column as (i, j). Two cells (i, j) and (p, q) of the matrix are adjacent if |i - p| + |j - q| = 1. A path is a sequence of the matrix cells where each pair of neighbouring cells in the sequence is adjacent. We'll call the number of cells in the sequence the path's length.

Each cell of the matrix can have at most one candy. Initiallly, all the cells are empty. Inna is trying to place each of the k candies in the matrix one by one. For each candy Inna chooses cell (i, j) that will contains the candy, and also chooses the path that starts in cell (1, 1) and ends in cell (i, j) and doesn't contain any candies. After that Inna moves the candy along the path from cell (1, 1) to cell (i, j), where the candy stays forever. If at some moment Inna can't choose a path for the candy, she loses. If Inna can place all the candies in the matrix in the described manner, then her penalty equals the sum of lengths of all the paths she has used.

Help Inna to minimize the penalty in the game.

Input

The first line of the input contains three integers n, m and k (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 50, 1 ≤ k ≤ n·m).

Output

In the first line print an integer — Inna's minimum penalty in the game.

In the next k lines print the description of the path for each candy. The description of the path of the candy that is placed i-th should follow on the i-th line. The description of a path is a sequence of cells. Each cell must be written in the format (i, j), where i is the number of the row and j is the number of the column. You are allowed to print extra whitespaces in the line. If there are multiple optimal solutions, print any of them.

Please follow the output format strictly! If your program passes the first pretest, then the output format is correct.

Examples

Input

4 4 4

Output

8
(1,1) (2,1) (2,2)
(1,1) (1,2)
(1,1) (2,1)
(1,1)

Note

Note to the sample. Initially the matrix is empty. Then Inna follows her first path, the path penalty equals the number of cells in it — 3. Note that now no path can go through cell (2, 2), as it now contains a candy. The next two candies go to cells (1, 2) and (2, 1). Inna simply leaves the last candy at cell (1, 1), the path contains only this cell. The total penalty is: 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 8.

Note that Inna couldn't use cell (1, 1) to place, for instance, the third candy as in this case she couldn't have made the path for the fourth candy.


Developers often face with regular expression patterns. A pattern is usually defined as a string consisting of characters and metacharacters that sets the rules for your search. These patterns are most often used to check whether a particular string meets the certain rules.

In this task, a pattern will be a string consisting of small English letters and question marks ('?'). The question mark in the pattern is a metacharacter that denotes an arbitrary small letter of the English alphabet. We will assume that a string matches the pattern if we can transform the string into the pattern by replacing the question marks by the appropriate characters. For example, string aba matches patterns: ???, ??a, a?a, aba.

Programmers that work for the R1 company love puzzling each other (and themselves) with riddles. One of them is as follows: you are given n patterns of the same length, you need to find a pattern that contains as few question marks as possible, and intersects with each of the given patterns. Two patterns intersect if there is a string that matches both the first and the second pattern. Can you solve this riddle?

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the number of patterns. Next n lines contain the patterns.

It is guaranteed that the patterns can only consist of small English letters and symbols '?'. All patterns are non-empty and have the same length. The total length of all the patterns does not exceed 105 characters.

Output

In a single line print the answer to the problem — the pattern with the minimal number of signs '?', which intersects with each of the given ones. If there are several answers, print any of them.

Examples

Input

2
?ab
??b

Output

xab

Input

2
a
b

Output

?

Input

1
?a?b

Output

cacb

Note

Consider the first example. Pattern xab intersects with each of the given patterns. Pattern ??? also intersects with each of the given patterns, but it contains more question signs, hence it is not an optimal answer. Clearly, xab is the optimal answer, because it doesn't contain any question sign. There are a lot of other optimal answers, for example: aab, bab, cab, dab and so on.


Today is Devu's birthday. For celebrating the occasion, he bought n sweets from the nearby market. He has invited his f friends. He would like to distribute the sweets among them. As he is a nice guy and the occasion is great, he doesn't want any friend to be sad, so he would ensure to give at least one sweet to each friend.

He wants to celebrate it in a unique style, so he would like to ensure following condition for the distribution of sweets. Assume that he has distributed n sweets to his friends such that ith friend is given ai sweets. He wants to make sure that there should not be any positive integer x > 1, which divides every ai.

Please find the number of ways he can distribute sweets to his friends in the required way. Note that the order of distribution is important, for example [1, 2] and [2, 1] are distinct distributions. As the answer could be very large, output answer modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

To make the problem more interesting, you are given q queries. Each query contains an n, f pair. For each query please output the required number of ways modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Input

The first line contains an integer q representing the number of queries (1 ≤ q ≤ 105). Each of the next q lines contains two space space-separated integers n, f (1 ≤ f ≤ n ≤ 105).

Output

For each query, output a single integer in a line corresponding to the answer of each query.

Examples

Input

5
6 2
7 2
6 3
6 4
7 4

Output

2
6
9
10
20

Note

For first query: n = 6, f = 2. Possible partitions are [1, 5] and [5, 1].

For second query: n = 7, f = 2. Possible partitions are [1, 6] and [2, 5] and [3, 4] and [4, 3] and [5, 3] and [6, 1]. So in total there are 6 possible ways of partitioning.


Appleman has a tree with n vertices. Some of the vertices (at least one) are colored black and other vertices are colored white.

Consider a set consisting of k (0 ≤ k < n) edges of Appleman's tree. If Appleman deletes these edges from the tree, then it will split into (k + 1) parts. Note, that each part will be a tree with colored vertices.

Now Appleman wonders, what is the number of sets splitting the tree in such a way that each resulting part will have exactly one black vertex? Find this number modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Input

The first line contains an integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the number of tree vertices.

The second line contains the description of the tree: n - 1 integers p0, p1, ..., pn - 2 (0 ≤ pi ≤ i). Where pi means that there is an edge connecting vertex (i + 1) of the tree and vertex pi. Consider tree vertices are numbered from 0 to n - 1.

The third line contains the description of the colors of the vertices: n integers x0, x1, ..., xn - 1 (xi is either 0 or 1). If xi is equal to 1, vertex i is colored black. Otherwise, vertex i is colored white.

Output

Output a single integer — the number of ways to split the tree modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Examples

Input

3
0 0
0 1 1

Output

2

Input

6
0 1 1 0 4
1 1 0 0 1 0

Output

1

Input

10
0 1 2 1 4 4 4 0 8
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

Output

27


One industrial factory is reforming working plan. The director suggested to set a mythical detail production norm. If at the beginning of the day there were x details in the factory storage, then by the end of the day the factory has to produce <image> (remainder after dividing x by m) more details. Unfortunately, no customer has ever bought any mythical detail, so all the details produced stay on the factory.

The board of directors are worried that the production by the given plan may eventually stop (that means that there will be а moment when the current number of details on the factory is divisible by m).

Given the number of details a on the first day and number m check if the production stops at some moment.

Input

The first line contains two integers a and m (1 ≤ a, m ≤ 105).

Output

Print "Yes" (without quotes) if the production will eventually stop, otherwise print "No".

Examples

Input

1 5

Output

No

Input

3 6

Output

Yes


An n × n table a is defined as follows:

  * The first row and the first column contain ones, that is: ai, 1 = a1, i = 1 for all i = 1, 2, ..., n.
  * Each of the remaining numbers in the table is equal to the sum of the number above it and the number to the left of it. In other words, the remaining elements are defined by the formula ai, j = ai - 1, j + ai, j - 1.

These conditions define all the values in the table.

You are given a number n. You need to determine the maximum value in the n × n table defined by the rules above.

Input

The only line of input contains a positive integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10) — the number of rows and columns of the table.

Output

Print a single line containing a positive integer m — the maximum value in the table.

Examples

Input

1

Output

1

Input

5

Output

70

Note

In the second test the rows of the table look as follows:

{1, 1, 1, 1, 1},  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},  {1, 3, 6, 10, 15},  {1, 4, 10, 20, 35},  {1, 5, 15, 35, 70}.


Polycarp and Vasiliy love simple logical games. Today they play a game with infinite chessboard and one pawn for each player. Polycarp and Vasiliy move in turns, Polycarp starts. In each turn Polycarp can move his pawn from cell (x, y) to (x - 1, y) or (x, y - 1). Vasiliy can move his pawn from (x, y) to one of cells: (x - 1, y), (x - 1, y - 1) and (x, y - 1). Both players are also allowed to skip move.

There are some additional restrictions — a player is forbidden to move his pawn to a cell with negative x-coordinate or y-coordinate or to the cell containing opponent's pawn The winner is the first person to reach cell (0, 0).

You are given the starting coordinates of both pawns. Determine who will win if both of them play optimally well.

Input

The first line contains four integers: xp, yp, xv, yv (0 ≤ xp, yp, xv, yv ≤ 105) — Polycarp's and Vasiliy's starting coordinates.

It is guaranteed that in the beginning the pawns are in different cells and none of them is in the cell (0, 0).

Output

Output the name of the winner: "Polycarp" or "Vasiliy".

Examples

Input

2 1 2 2

Output

Polycarp

Input

4 7 7 4

Output

Vasiliy

Note

In the first sample test Polycarp starts in (2, 1) and will move to (1, 1) in the first turn. No matter what his opponent is doing, in the second turn Polycarp can move to (1, 0) and finally to (0, 0) in the third turn.


Amr has got a large array of size n. Amr doesn't like large arrays so he intends to make it smaller.

Amr doesn't care about anything in the array except the beauty of it. The beauty of the array is defined to be the maximum number of times that some number occurs in this array. He wants to choose the smallest subsegment of this array such that the beauty of it will be the same as the original array.

Help Amr by choosing the smallest subsegment possible.

Input

The first line contains one number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105), the size of the array.

The second line contains n integers ai (1 ≤ ai ≤ 106), representing elements of the array.

Output

Output two integers l, r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n), the beginning and the end of the subsegment chosen respectively.

If there are several possible answers you may output any of them.

Examples

Input

5
1 1 2 2 1

Output

1 5

Input

5
1 2 2 3 1

Output

2 3

Input

6
1 2 2 1 1 2

Output

1 5

Note

A subsegment B of an array A from l to r is an array of size r - l + 1 where Bi = Al + i - 1 for all 1 ≤ i ≤ r - l + 1


You are given an infinite periodic array a0, a1, ..., an - 1, ... with the period of length n. Formally, <image>. A periodic subarray (l, s) (0 ≤ l < n, 1 ≤ s < n) of array a is an infinite periodic array with a period of length s that is a subsegment of array a, starting with position l.

A periodic subarray (l, s) is superior, if when attaching it to the array a, starting from index l, any element of the subarray is larger than or equal to the corresponding element of array a. An example of attaching is given on the figure (top — infinite array a, bottom — its periodic subarray (l, s)):

<image>

Find the number of distinct pairs (l, s), corresponding to the superior periodic arrays.

Input

The first line contains number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2·105). The second line contains n numbers a0, a1, ..., an - 1 (1 ≤ ai ≤ 106), separated by a space.

Output

Print a single integer — the sought number of pairs.

Examples

Input

4
7 1 2 3

Output

2

Input

2
2 1

Output

1

Input

3
1 1 1

Output

6

Note

In the first sample the superior subarrays are (0, 1) and (3, 2).

Subarray (0, 1) is superior, as a0 ≥ a0, a0 ≥ a1, a0 ≥ a2, a0 ≥ a3, a0 ≥ a0, ...

Subarray (3, 2) is superior a3 ≥ a3, a0 ≥ a0, a3 ≥ a1, a0 ≥ a2, a3 ≥ a3, ...

In the third sample any pair of (l, s) corresponds to a superior subarray as all the elements of an array are distinct.


The scientists have recently discovered wormholes — objects in space that allow to travel very long distances between galaxies and star systems.

The scientists know that there are n galaxies within reach. You are in the galaxy number 1 and you need to get to the galaxy number n. To get from galaxy i to galaxy j, you need to fly onto a wormhole (i, j) and in exactly one galaxy day you will find yourself in galaxy j.

Unfortunately, the required wormhole is not always available. Every galaxy day they disappear and appear at random. However, the state of wormholes does not change within one galaxy day. A wormhole from galaxy i to galaxy j exists during each galaxy day taken separately with probability pij. You can always find out what wormholes exist at the given moment. At each moment you can either travel to another galaxy through one of wormholes that exist at this moment or you can simply wait for one galaxy day to see which wormholes will lead from your current position at the next day.

Your task is to find the expected value of time needed to travel from galaxy 1 to galaxy n, if you act in the optimal way. It is guaranteed that this expected value exists.

Input

The first line of the input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — the number of galaxies within reach.

Then follows a matrix of n rows and n columns. Each element pij represents the probability that there is a wormhole from galaxy i to galaxy j. All the probabilities are given in percents and are integers. It is guaranteed that all the elements on the main diagonal are equal to 100.

Output

Print a single real value — the expected value of the time needed to travel from galaxy 1 to galaxy n if one acts in an optimal way. Your answer will be considered correct if its absolute or relative error does not exceed 10 - 6.

Namely: let's assume that your answer is a, and the answer of the jury is b. The checker program will consider your answer correct, if <image>.

Examples

Input

3
100 50 50
0 100 80
0 0 100

Output

1.750000000000000

Input

2
100 30
40 100

Output

3.333333333333333

Note

In the second sample the wormhole from galaxy 1 to galaxy 2 appears every day with probability equal to 0.3. The expected value of days one needs to wait before this event occurs is <image>.


A remote island chain contains n islands, with some bidirectional bridges between them. The current bridge network forms a tree. In other words, a total of n - 1 bridges connect pairs of islands in a way that it's possible to reach any island from any other island using the bridge network. The center of each island contains an identical pedestal, and all but one of the islands has a fragile, uniquely colored statue currently held on the pedestal. The remaining island holds only an empty pedestal.

The islanders want to rearrange the statues in a new order. To do this, they repeat the following process: first, they choose an island directly adjacent to the island containing an empty pedestal. Then, they painstakingly carry the statue on this island across the adjoining bridge and place it on the empty pedestal.

It is often impossible to rearrange statues in the desired order using only the operation described above. The islanders would like to build one additional bridge in order to make this achievable in the fewest number of movements possible. Find the bridge to construct and the minimum number of statue movements necessary to arrange the statues in the desired position.

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 200 000) — the total number of islands.

The second line contains n space-separated integers ai (0 ≤ ai ≤ n - 1) — the statue currently located on the i-th island. If ai = 0, then the island has no statue. It is guaranteed that the ai are distinct.

The third line contains n space-separated integers bi (0 ≤ bi ≤ n - 1) — the desired statues of the i-th island. Once again, bi = 0 indicates the island desires no statue. It is guaranteed that the bi are distinct.

The next n - 1 lines each contain two distinct space-separated integers ui and vi (1 ≤ ui, vi ≤ n) — the endpoints of the i-th bridge. Bridges form a tree, and it is guaranteed that no bridge is listed twice in the input.

Output

Print a single line of integers:

If the rearrangement can be done in the existing network, output 0 t, where t is the number of moves necessary to perform the rearrangement.

Otherwise, print u, v, and t (1 ≤ u < v ≤ n) — the two endpoints of the new bridge, and the minimum number of statue movements needed to perform the rearrangement.

If the rearrangement cannot be done no matter how the new bridge is built, print a single line containing  - 1.

Examples

Input

3
1 0 2
2 0 1
1 2
2 3

Output

1 3 3

Input

2
1 0
0 1
1 2

Output

0 1

Input

4
0 1 2 3
0 2 3 1
1 2
1 3
1 4

Output

-1

Note

In the first sample, the islanders can build a bridge connecting islands 1 and 3 and then make the following sequence of moves: first move statue 1 from island 1 to island 2, then move statue 2 from island 3 to island 1, and finally move statue 1 from island 2 to island 3 for a total of 3 moves.

In the second sample, the islanders can simply move statue 1 from island 1 to island 2. No new bridges need to be built and only 1 move needs to be made.

In the third sample, no added bridge and subsequent movements result in the desired position.


The 9-th grade student Gabriel noticed a caterpillar on a tree when walking around in a forest after the classes. The caterpillar was on the height h1 cm from the ground. On the height h2 cm (h2 > h1) on the same tree hung an apple and the caterpillar was crawling to the apple.

Gabriel is interested when the caterpillar gets the apple. He noted that the caterpillar goes up by a cm per hour by day and slips down by b cm per hour by night.

In how many days Gabriel should return to the forest to see the caterpillar get the apple. You can consider that the day starts at 10 am and finishes at 10 pm. Gabriel's classes finish at 2 pm. You can consider that Gabriel noticed the caterpillar just after the classes at 2 pm.

Note that the forest is magic so the caterpillar can slip down under the ground and then lift to the apple.

Input

The first line contains two integers h1, h2 (1 ≤ h1 < h2 ≤ 105) — the heights of the position of the caterpillar and the apple in centimeters.

The second line contains two integers a, b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ 105) — the distance the caterpillar goes up by day and slips down by night, in centimeters per hour.

Output

Print the only integer k — the number of days Gabriel should wait to return to the forest and see the caterpillar getting the apple.

If the caterpillar can't get the apple print the only integer  - 1.

Examples

Input

10 30
2 1

Output

1

Input

10 13
1 1

Output

0

Input

10 19
1 2

Output

-1

Input

1 50
5 4

Output

1

Note

In the first example at 10 pm of the first day the caterpillar gets the height 26. At 10 am of the next day it slips down to the height 14. And finally at 6 pm of the same day the caterpillar gets the apple.

Note that in the last example the caterpillar was slipping down under the ground and getting the apple on the next day.


Vanya is in the palace that can be represented as a grid n × m. Each room contains a single chest, an the room located in the i-th row and j-th columns contains the chest of type aij. Each chest of type x ≤ p - 1 contains a key that can open any chest of type x + 1, and all chests of type 1 are not locked. There is exactly one chest of type p and it contains a treasure.

Vanya starts in cell (1, 1) (top left corner). What is the minimum total distance Vanya has to walk in order to get the treasure? Consider the distance between cell (r1, c1) (the cell in the row r1 and column c1) and (r2, c2) is equal to |r1 - r2| + |c1 - c2|.

Input

The first line of the input contains three integers n, m and p (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 300, 1 ≤ p ≤ n·m) — the number of rows and columns in the table representing the palace and the number of different types of the chests, respectively.

Each of the following n lines contains m integers aij (1 ≤ aij ≤ p) — the types of the chests in corresponding rooms. It's guaranteed that for each x from 1 to p there is at least one chest of this type (that is, there exists a pair of r and c, such that arc = x). Also, it's guaranteed that there is exactly one chest of type p.

Output

Print one integer — the minimum possible total distance Vanya has to walk in order to get the treasure from the chest of type p.

Examples

Input

3 4 3
2 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2 1 1 3

Output

5

Input

3 3 9
1 3 5
8 9 7
4 6 2

Output

22

Input

3 4 12
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
9 10 11 12

Output

11


This is simplified version of the problem used on the original contest. The original problem seems to have too difiicult solution. The constraints for input data have been reduced.

Polycarp likes to play computer role-playing game «Lizards and Basements». At the moment he is playing it as a magician. At one of the last levels he has to fight the line of archers. The only spell with which he can damage them is a fire ball. If Polycarp hits the i-th archer with his fire ball (they are numbered from left to right), the archer loses a health points. At the same time the spell damages the archers adjacent to the i-th (if any) — they lose b (1 ≤ b < a ≤ 10) health points each.

As the extreme archers (i.e. archers numbered 1 and n) are very far, the fire ball cannot reach them. Polycarp can hit any other archer with his fire ball.

The amount of health points for each archer is known. An archer will be killed when this amount is less than 0. What is the minimum amount of spells Polycarp can use to kill all the enemies?

Polycarp can throw his fire ball into an archer if the latter is already killed.

Input

The first line of the input contains three integers n, a, b (3 ≤ n ≤ 10; 1 ≤ b < a ≤ 10). The second line contains a sequence of n integers — h1, h2, ..., hn (1 ≤ hi ≤ 15), where hi is the amount of health points the i-th archer has.

Output

In the first line print t — the required minimum amount of fire balls.

In the second line print t numbers — indexes of the archers that Polycarp should hit to kill all the archers in t shots. All these numbers should be between 2 and n - 1. Separate numbers with spaces. If there are several solutions, output any of them. Print numbers in any order.

Examples

Input

3 2 1
2 2 2

Output

3
2 2 2

Input

4 3 1
1 4 1 1

Output

4
2 2 3 3


You are given a broken clock. You know, that it is supposed to show time in 12- or 24-hours HH:MM format. In 12-hours format hours change from 1 to 12, while in 24-hours it changes from 0 to 23. In both formats minutes change from 0 to 59.

You are given a time in format HH:MM that is currently displayed on the broken clock. Your goal is to change minimum number of digits in order to make clocks display the correct time in the given format.

For example, if 00:99 is displayed, it is enough to replace the second 9 with 3 in order to get 00:39 that is a correct time in 24-hours format. However, to make 00:99 correct in 12-hours format, one has to change at least two digits. Additionally to the first change one can replace the second 0 with 1 and obtain 01:39.

Input

The first line of the input contains one integer 12 or 24, that denote 12-hours or 24-hours format respectively.

The second line contains the time in format HH:MM, that is currently displayed on the clock. First two characters stand for the hours, while next two show the minutes.

Output

The only line of the output should contain the time in format HH:MM that is a correct time in the given format. It should differ from the original in as few positions as possible. If there are many optimal solutions you can print any of them.

Examples

Input

24
17:30

Output

17:30

Input

12
17:30

Output

07:30

Input

24
99:99

Output

09:09


Generous sponsors of the olympiad in which Chloe and Vladik took part allowed all the participants to choose a prize for them on their own. Christmas is coming, so sponsors decided to decorate the Christmas tree with their prizes.

They took n prizes for the contestants and wrote on each of them a unique id (integer from 1 to n). A gift i is characterized by integer ai — pleasantness of the gift. The pleasantness of the gift can be positive, negative or zero. Sponsors placed the gift 1 on the top of the tree. All the other gifts hung on a rope tied to some other gift so that each gift hung on the first gift, possibly with a sequence of ropes and another gifts. Formally, the gifts formed a rooted tree with n vertices.

The prize-giving procedure goes in the following way: the participants come to the tree one after another, choose any of the remaining gifts and cut the rope this prize hang on. Note that all the ropes which were used to hang other prizes on the chosen one are not cut. So the contestant gets the chosen gift as well as the all the gifts that hang on it, possibly with a sequence of ropes and another gifts.

Our friends, Chloe and Vladik, shared the first place on the olympiad and they will choose prizes at the same time! To keep themselves from fighting, they decided to choose two different gifts so that the sets of the gifts that hang on them with a sequence of ropes and another gifts don't intersect. In other words, there shouldn't be any gift that hang both on the gift chosen by Chloe and on the gift chosen by Vladik. From all of the possible variants they will choose such pair of prizes that the sum of pleasantness of all the gifts that they will take after cutting the ropes is as large as possible.

Print the maximum sum of pleasantness that Vladik and Chloe can get. If it is impossible for them to choose the gifts without fighting, print Impossible.

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2·105) — the number of gifts.

The next line contains n integers a1, a2, ..., an ( - 109 ≤ ai ≤ 109) — the pleasantness of the gifts.

The next (n - 1) lines contain two numbers each. The i-th of these lines contains integers ui and vi (1 ≤ ui, vi ≤ n, ui ≠ vi) — the description of the tree's edges. It means that gifts with numbers ui and vi are connected to each other with a rope. The gifts' ids in the description of the ropes can be given in arbirtary order: vi hangs on ui or ui hangs on vi.

It is guaranteed that all the gifts hang on the first gift, possibly with a sequence of ropes and another gifts.

Output

If it is possible for Chloe and Vladik to choose prizes without fighting, print single integer — the maximum possible sum of pleasantness they can get together.

Otherwise print Impossible.

Examples

Input

8
0 5 -1 4 3 2 6 5
1 2
2 4
2 5
1 3
3 6
6 7
6 8

Output

25

Input

4
1 -5 1 1
1 2
1 4
2 3

Output

2

Input

1
-1

Output

Impossible


According to an old legeng, a long time ago Ankh-Morpork residents did something wrong to miss Fortune, and she cursed them. She said that at some time n snacks of distinct sizes will fall on the city, and the residents should build a Snacktower of them by placing snacks one on another. Of course, big snacks should be at the bottom of the tower, while small snacks should be at the top.

Years passed, and once different snacks started to fall onto the city, and the residents began to build the Snacktower.

<image>

However, they faced some troubles. Each day exactly one snack fell onto the city, but their order was strange. So, at some days the residents weren't able to put the new stack on the top of the Snacktower: they had to wait until all the bigger snacks fell. Of course, in order to not to anger miss Fortune again, the residents placed each snack on the top of the tower immediately as they could do it.

Write a program that models the behavior of Ankh-Morpork residents.

Input

The first line contains single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100 000) — the total number of snacks.

The second line contains n integers, the i-th of them equals the size of the snack which fell on the i-th day. Sizes are distinct integers from 1 to n.

Output

Print n lines. On the i-th of them print the sizes of the snacks which the residents placed on the top of the Snacktower on the i-th day in the order they will do that. If no snack is placed on some day, leave the corresponding line empty.

Examples

Input

3
3 1 2

Output

3

2 1

Input

5
4 5 1 2 3

Output

5 4

3 2 1

Note

In the example a snack of size 3 fell on the first day, and the residents immediately placed it. On the second day a snack of size 1 fell, and the residents weren't able to place it because they were missing the snack of size 2. On the third day a snack of size 2 fell, and the residents immediately placed it. Right after that they placed the snack of size 1 which had fallen before.


They've screwed something up yet again... In one nuclear reactor of a research station an uncontrolled reaction is in progress and explosion which will destroy the whole station will happen soon.

The station is represented by a square n × n divided into 1 × 1 blocks. Each block is either a reactor or a laboratory. There can be several reactors and exactly one of them will explode soon. The reactors can be considered impassable blocks, but one can move through laboratories. Between any two laboratories, which are in adjacent blocks, there is a corridor. Blocks are considered adjacent if they have a common edge.

In each laboratory there is some number of scientists and some number of rescue capsules. Once the scientist climbs into a capsule, he is considered to be saved. Each capsule has room for not more than one scientist.

The reactor, which is about to explode, is damaged and a toxic coolant trickles from it into the neighboring blocks. The block, which contains the reactor, is considered infected. Every minute the coolant spreads over the laboratories through corridors. If at some moment one of the blocks is infected, then the next minute all the neighboring laboratories also become infected. Once a lab is infected, all the scientists there that are not in rescue capsules die. The coolant does not spread through reactor blocks.

There are exactly t minutes to the explosion. Any scientist in a minute can move down the corridor to the next lab, if it is not infected. On any corridor an unlimited number of scientists can simultaneously move in both directions. It is believed that the scientists inside a lab moves without consuming time. Moreover, any scientist could get into the rescue capsule instantly. It is also believed that any scientist at any given moment always has the time to perform their actions (move from the given laboratory into the next one, or climb into the rescue capsule) before the laboratory will be infected.

Find the maximum number of scientists who will be able to escape.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and t (2 ≤ n ≤ 10, 1 ≤ t ≤ 60). Each of the next n lines contains n characters. These lines describe the scientists' locations. Then exactly one empty line follows. Each of the next n more lines contains n characters. These lines describe the rescue capsules' locations.

In the description of the scientists' and the rescue capsules' locations the character "Y" stands for a properly functioning reactor, "Z" stands for the malfunctioning reactor. The reactors' positions in both descriptions coincide. There is exactly one malfunctioning reactor on the station. The digits "0" - "9" stand for the laboratories. In the description of the scientists' locations those numbers stand for the number of scientists in the corresponding laboratories. In the rescue capsules' descriptions they stand for the number of such capsules in each laboratory.

Output

Print a single number — the maximum number of scientists who will manage to save themselves.

Examples

Input

3 3
1YZ
1YY
100

0YZ
0YY
003

Output

2

Input

4 4
Y110
1Y1Z
1Y0Y
0100

Y001
0Y0Z
0Y0Y
0005

Output

3

Note

In the second sample the events could take place as follows:

<image>


Vladik had started reading a complicated book about algorithms containing n pages. To improve understanding of what is written, his friends advised him to read pages in some order given by permutation P = [p1, p2, ..., pn], where pi denotes the number of page that should be read i-th in turn.

Sometimes Vladik’s mom sorted some subsegment of permutation P from position l to position r inclusive, because she loves the order. For every of such sorting Vladik knows number x — what index of page in permutation he should read. He is wondered if the page, which he will read after sorting, has changed. In other words, has px changed? After every sorting Vladik return permutation to initial state, so you can assume that each sorting is independent from each other.

Input

First line contains two space-separated integers n, m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 104) — length of permutation and number of times Vladik's mom sorted some subsegment of the book.

Second line contains n space-separated integers p1, p2, ..., pn (1 ≤ pi ≤ n) — permutation P. Note that elements in permutation are distinct.

Each of the next m lines contains three space-separated integers li, ri, xi (1 ≤ li ≤ xi ≤ ri ≤ n) — left and right borders of sorted subsegment in i-th sorting and position that is interesting to Vladik.

Output

For each mom’s sorting on it’s own line print "Yes", if page which is interesting to Vladik hasn't changed, or "No" otherwise.

Examples

Input

5 5
5 4 3 2 1
1 5 3
1 3 1
2 4 3
4 4 4
2 5 3

Output

Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No

Input

6 5
1 4 3 2 5 6
2 4 3
1 6 2
4 5 4
1 3 3
2 6 3

Output

Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes

Note

Explanation of first test case:

  1. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] — permutation after sorting, 3-rd element hasn’t changed, so answer is "Yes".
  2. [3, 4, 5, 2, 1] — permutation after sorting, 1-st element has changed, so answer is "No".
  3. [5, 2, 3, 4, 1] — permutation after sorting, 3-rd element hasn’t changed, so answer is "Yes".
  4. [5, 4, 3, 2, 1] — permutation after sorting, 4-th element hasn’t changed, so answer is "Yes".
  5. [5, 1, 2, 3, 4] — permutation after sorting, 3-rd element has changed, so answer is "No".