SMS Natter (1860)
SMS Natter was a steam gunboat of the  built for the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s.

Design

The s came about as a result of a program to strengthen the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s in the aftermath of the dissolution of the  and in the midst of rising tensions with Denmark. In 1859, Prince Regent Wilhelm approved a construction program for some fifty-two gunboats to be built over the next fifteen years, which began with the fifteen vessels of the Jäger class.

Natter was  long overall, with a beam of  and a draft of . She displaced  normally and  at full load. The ship's crew consisted of 2 officers and 38 enlisted men. She was powered by a pair of marine steam engines that drove one 3-bladed screw propeller, with steam provided by four coal-fired trunk boilers, which gave her a top speed of  at . As built, she was equipped with a three-masted schooner rig. The ship was armed with a battery of one rifled 24-pounder muzzle-loading gun and two rifled 12-pounder muzzle-loading guns.

Service history
The keel for Natter was laid down at the Lübke shipyard in Wolgast in 1859 and she was launched on 14 February 1860. After her completion, she was moved to Stralsund, where she was laid up at the nearby island of Dänholm. While out of service, her copper sheathing was removed from her hull so ventilation holes could be cut into the outer planking. Her entire propulsion system, including the masts and the funnel, was removed and a roof was erected over the hull to keep the elements out. Natter was commissioned for the first time on 1 March 1864, under the command of  (Ensign) Carl von Eisendecher, shortly after the start of the Second Schleswig War. Eisendecher remained aboard the ship for only a short period, and later that month he was replaced by  (Lieutenant at Sea) Second Class Eduard von Knorr. She was assigned to II Flotilla Division, along with several other gunboats. Records are unclear, but according to the historians Hildebrand, Röhr, and Steinmetz, Natter probably served as the divisional flagship during the war. She saw no action during the war, and she was taken back out of service in October and was stored at Dänholm.

On 19 July 1870, France declared war on Prussia, initiating the Franco-Prussian War. LzS Otto von Diederichs  was sent to reactivate Natter that day, and the crew readied the vessel to be recommissioned on 24 July. The ship was sent through the Eider Canal to move to the North Sea in company with her sister ships  and , initially to join the forces guarding the entrance to Jade Bight. After arriving there, she received orders to move further east to defend the mouth of the Ems river, along with her sister . On 2 August, Natter sailed up the Ems to Leer before rejoining Wespe. The two ships were planned to operate as part of the coastal defense system in the area, which also included coastal artillery batteries on the island of Borkum, and two infantry regiments. Natter saw no combat during the war, mainly because the French squadron in the North Sea focused its attention on the area near Helgoland. On 10 September, Natter and Wespe went to sea to observe the withdrawal of French warships from Prussia's coast. The gunboats nevertheless patrolled in the Ems area for the next several months.

An armistice ended the fighting on 28 January 1871, and in February, the Prussian fleet commander, Eduard von Jachmann, ordered Natter and Wespe to join the main fleet at Wilhelmshaven. She was then decommissioned at Wilhelmshaven on 12 April 1871. She was modernized soon thereafter, receiving a more modern  RK L/22 gun. Her sailing rig was removed and a simple pole mast was fitted for signaling purposes. Natter was recommissioned again on 16 April 1873 to serve as a tender for the artillery training ship , which lasted until 19 September. She was then decommissioned again, and the ship saw no further active service. She nevertheless remained in the fleet's inventory until she was struck from the naval register on 7 September 1880. The details of her disposal are unknown.

Notes

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Category:Jäger-class gunboats
Category:1860 ships