This golden rule became the guiding light for the CCI (over and above the doctrine of proportionality, factoring in mitigating and aggravating circumstances) while quantifying penalties in futures cases. For a number of decisions thereafter, the CCI religiously applied the relevant turnover test to impose fines. For instance, the relevant turnover in a case concerning the public procurement of LPG cylinders was the revenue realized from the sale of LPG cylinders. 10 Typically, the CCI discloses its methodology in imposing fines – the benefits of which are three-fold: (i) promotion of the CCI's accountability, (ii) facilitation of effective appeals to penalty orders, and (iii) provision of certainty to stakeholders. However, of late, certain orders of the CCI haven't identified a relevant turnover or disclosed the methodology adopted based on which the party was penalized.