As new entrants into that market are unlikely, the proposed acquisition "would eliminate actual, direct and substantial competition between DaVita and University in the market for outpatient dialysis services in the relevant area, increasing the ability of the merged entity unilaterally to raise prices for outpatient dialysis services and reducing incentives to improve service or quality in the relevant market," the FTC wrote in its complaint. "DaVita has a history of attempting to buy up competing dialysis clinics in an industry that is already highly concentrated, in large part due to the acquisition activity of DaVita and other large dialysis clinic chains," Bureau of Competition Director Holly Vedova said in the FTC's announcement. "This is a big concern, and it is compounded by the fact that the limited number of nephrologists available to work at the clinics creates an opportunity for anticompetitive restrictions on labor."