In addition, ABB subsidiaries ABB Management Services Ltd. (Switzerland) and ABB South Africa (Pty) Ltd. (South Africa) each pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to violate the anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA." Once again there is a parent receiving a DPA with subsidiaries agreeing to make criminal pleas. The bribery schemes themselves involved a series of actions between 2014 and 2017, where ABB subsidiaries paid bribes to a South African government official at the state-owned and controlled energy company, Eskom Holdings Limited (Eskom), to obtain business advantages in connection with the award of multiple contracts. Moreover, "ABB engaged multiple subcontractors associated with the South African government official and made payments to those subcontractors that were intended as bribes. ABB worked with these subcontractors despite their poor qualifications and lack of experience.