The number of public activist actions (82 vs. 76), activist investors taking actions (54 vs. 48) and companies targeted by such actions (72 vs. 69) each increased. The period spanning January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 also saw several campaigns by multiple activists targeting asingle company, such as the campaigns involving: Alphabet Inc. that included activity by NorthStar Asset Management and Trillium Asset Management; C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. that included Ancora Advisors and Pacific Point Wealth Management; and SpartanNash Company that included Ancora Advisors and Macellum Advisors. In addition, certain activists launched multiple campaigns during 2022, including Ancora Advisors, Carl Icahn, Elliott Investment Management, Engine Capital, JANA Partners, Land & Buildings, Starboard Value and Third Point Partners, which each launched three or more campaigns in 2022 and collectively accounted for 32 out of the 82activist actions reviewed, or 39% in total.