For example, the list price of Eli Lilly And Co's LLY Humalog rose dramatically from $21 in 1999 to over $274 in 2017. Despite the availability of lower-priced alternatives, PBMs favored higher-priced drugs due to the lucrative rebates they provided. The FTC is also examining the role of drug manufacturers, including Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk A/S NVO, and Sanofi SA SNY, in driving up insulin prices, signaling potential further action against these companies.