Dynamex ushers in new challenges to independent contractor classifications, and will most likely generate class or PAGA actions, with significant exposure for damages and penalties. Notably, independent contractors do not sign class arbitration waivers, meaning that even those employers who have protected themselves from class actions through these waivers may be left unprotected. Notwithstanding, Dynamex did not prohibit independent contractor relationships and, under the right circumstances, independent contractor business models can continue to survive in California.