The accelerated adoption of LEDs among commercial cannabis growers continued to be a dominant theme in this year's report. For the second year in a row, at least 70% of study participants from commercial indoor or greenhouse operations with supplemental lighting used LEDs in propagation, vegetation or flowering. Under LED technology, this year's survey also revealed that 66% of commercial growers reported a yield of more than 50 grams per square foot of canopy—an increase of 11 percentage points from 2022.