Indian courts did not impose strict liability for product defects. Relief was typically granted within the confines of warranty clauses. For instance, in Maruti Udyog Ltd. v. Susheel Kumar Gabgotra 4, the Supreme Court held that manufacturers were only required to repair or replace defective parts under warranty and not the entire vehicle—even after multiple repair attempts. Courts often ordered limited compensation 5 for serious defects involving brakes, engines, or body integrity. The burden remained on consumers to prove an "inherent manufacturing defect 6 ," without which manufacturers faced minimal liability 7.