Secondary and dual primary listings by Greater China and overseas issuers. HKEX has amended its listing rules to permit any overseas company, including a Greater China issuer, to undertake a secondary listing on HKEX, subject to meeting certain minimum market capitalization requirements. (Previously, to be accepted for listing, Greater China issuers — broadly, companies with their main business, operations, assets and/or place of central management and control in Greater China — were required to make Hong Kong their primary listing venue.) In addition, companies that are either non-Greater China companies, or Greater China companies listed on the New York or London stock exchanges prior to December 2017, may apply for a dual primary listing in Hong Kong even where their dual-class share structure or variable interest entity arrangements do not comply with HKEX requirements.