As with other witnesses, Sanders submitted written testimony to the court, after which the states started their cross-examination. Written testimony carries the same weight as that given orally. The sides present written testimony for expediency, as the court has limited the proceeding to 100 hours. In his testimony, Sanders argued that Microsoft's dominance in PC operating systems fosters diversity rather than limiting consumer choice. He compared the situation to "proprietary operating systems that run only on specific hardware designed and manufactured by the same vendor," such as Apple Computer's Mac OS or Sun Microsystems' Solaris. "Microsoft's Windows operating systems run on computers manufactured by thousands of different companies," he stated. Sanders praised Microsoft for helping to bring standardization to the computer industry. "Standardized platforms promote competition," he asserted.