Under the proposal, Rosneft would also take increased management control over all the joint oil projects between the two firms. Rosneft secured the collateral late last year on a loan of $1.5 billion to PDVSA. The negotiations over a collateral swap are driven in part by a recent threat from U.S. President Donald Trump to sanction Venezuela's oil sector as punishment for Maduro's efforts to undermine the nation's elected congress. Rosneft has already been sanctioned by the United States over Russia's annexation of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014.