Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) recently published updates 1 to its benchmark U.S. proxy voting guidelines (which ISS also refers to as "policies") for determining its proxy voting recommendations to the institutional investors who are its clients. ISS will use the updated benchmark U.S. policies to formulate voting recommendations for public company shareholder meetings occurring on or after February 1, 2015. The updates relate to ISS's proxy voting policies regarding: