In patent infringement lawsuits against Avaya and Siemens Enterprise Communications, the district court judge holding the Markman order hearing denied their attempt to change the definitions of the patents in dispute and said they would remain what they are in similar cases VirnetX has against Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL), Cisco (Nasdaq: CSCO), and NEC. A Markman hearing irons out interpretations of various patent claims before a trial begins.