VistaGen believes AV-101 has potential as an oral at-home first line therapy for MDD and as an adjunctive therapy for MDD. As an adjunctive therapy, AV-101 may have potential both to displace atypical antipsychotics such as aripiprazole in the current MDD drug treatment paradigm and to prevent relapse of MDD following successful treatment with ketamine hydrochloride, an ion-channel blocking NDMA receptor antagonist (ketamine), whether administered by injection or as an intranasal spray formulation. AV-101 may have potential to deliver ketamine-like antidepressant effects on an at-home basis, without the requirement for inconvenient administration in a medical setting, and without causing psychological or other side effects and safety concerns which may be associated with ketamine therapy.