At the same time, the stringent CO 2 emissions standards set by Europe for 2025 — not to mention the all-electric target for 2035 — are generating panic among some manufacturers and sparking severe internal conflicts. For example, the ACEA, chaired by the CEO of Renault, called for a temporary delay in rolling out the new standards, arguing they were unworkable in the short term. This request was promptly dismissed as "surreal" by Stellantis CEO Carlos Tavares. How can companies develop reliable production plans in a climate of regulatory uncertainty? And how does this motivate consumers, uncertain about the future regulations that directly impact the future value of their cars to go out and buy a new vehicle?