Enbridge won its case in the Michigan Court of Claims in late October. The court ruled that the legislation created under the Snyder administration to enable the energy company to build a natural gas pipeline tunnel through bedrock beneath the Straits of Mackinac was constitutional. Attorney General Dana Nessel vowed to appeal, and in November pointed to a study by the American Risk Management Resources Network showing that Michigan taxpayers could be on the hook for cleanup costs in the event of a catastrophic spill. Meanwhile, Enbridge left debris on the lakebed floor during bedrock sampling and waited two months to notify the state of its violation. The debris will not be cleaned up until spring.