He cautioned developers, project owners and power purchase agreement (PPA) off-takers as well as debt and tax equity financing parties to take into consideration the intellectual property (IP) concerns while procuring modules for their projects. New names are being added to the list of late ( see TOPCon Patent War Heating Up: Trinasolar & Canadian Solar New Additions ). "Our TOPCon portfolio includes patents and patent applications in the United States, Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam, and United Arab Emirates, with patent terms extending to 2030. Note regarding the India market, although First Solar does not possess a TOPCon patent in India, several jurisdictions where we do have patents are sourcing India-bound cell manufacturing and exports," added Widmar.