Europe's car industry could face fines totalling €15 billion, warned Renault CEO Luca de Meo, who also heads European car lobby ACEA. VW, along with Ford, faces the biggest challenge among European carmakers in meeting the 2025 target, according to an analysis by Dataforce. VW has urged the European Commission to delay the targets, with current CEO Oliver Blume saying in an investor call that "it doesn't make sense that the industry has to pay penalties when the framework conditions for the EV ramp-up aren't in place." In an ironic twist, Volkswagen could end up paying Tesla to get its emissions under the line. Carmakers can pool their fleets with battery-only rivals to reach the target, a rule that has proven especially lucrative for Tesla, which earned $1.9 billion in regulatory credits in 2023.