Mine to market value chain The production of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) begins with the mining of ore deposits typically containing very low concentrations of the metals. Following this, the mined ore passes through five stages of physical and chemical beneficiation ultimately producing individual high purity saleable metals. The first stage of beneficiation is primary concentration in which the concentration of PGMs and associated base metals is upgraded through a process of crushing, milling and froth flotation. The product of this process is primary concentrate. The flotation process upgrades the concentration of PGMs in the ore from between 2 and 5 grams per tonne to between 90 and 150 grams of PGMs per tonne.