There is no statutory mechanism for the direct enforcement of non-monetary judgments in the BVI. Nevertheless, if the judgment creditor has a foreign judgment based on a cause of action recognised under BVI law, and can establish that the BVI court has jurisdiction over the judgment debtor (ie, whether the court has jurisdiction to serve the defendant out of the jurisdiction), then that cause of action may be brought in the BVI afresh. The judgment creditor uses the foreign judgment and the principles of estoppel to prevent either the cause of action or the issue(s) from being re-litigated. The BVI claim must seek to determine an identical issue or question to that determined in the original foreign proceedings and be given in proceedings between identical parties. Although indirect enforcement is not as straightforward and cost-effective as direct enforcement, it can nevertheless save substantial time and costs for the claimant since not all of the issues will have to be re-tried.