So far, only the Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) has acted against Steinhoff and Jooste in South Africa. It imposed a penalty of R1.5-billion on Steinhoff, which was later reduced to an administrative penalty of R53-million, and fined Jooste R161.6-million for breaches of section 78(4)(a) and 78(5) of the Financial Markets Act, which he took on appeal and won. The FSCA then revised the penalty to R20-million, in line with the Financial Sector Tribunal's decision on insider trading.