It paid a $4 billion fine—the largest in history but Dudley is apparently still smiling. The term "scofflaw" should not, of course, be used lightly. For those who need a little boning up on BP's recidivist history, consider the following and let's ask ourselves whether we might have avoided the entire Deepwater Horizon horror had EPA been allowed to debar the company back in 2005. On March 23, 2005, a massive explosion at BP's Texas City refinery—the third largest in the country–killed fifteen people and injured 200. Evidence from a surprising variety of sources traced the tragedy back to frantic growth as the huge corporation's Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Lord John Browne, and his handful of top aides known as the "Mutant Ninja Turtles," transformed BP into the largest oil company in the world. BP swallowed American competitors like Amoco and Atlantic Richfield, neglecting to knit safety and compliance regimes together.