Further, in August 2019, in the largest ever criminal fine imposed under the competition and consumer act (CCA), the Federal Court fined Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd $34.5 million. This followed the Federal Court initially finding that Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd engaged in a cartel with other shipping companies in order to fix prices on the transportation of cars, trucks, and buses to Australia between 2009 and 2012.