In 2021, nearly 61% of Chevron shareholders voted for the company to "substantially" reduce its greenhouse gas emissions — a shockingly large majority for a shareholder vote on any issue. That same year, the activist hedge fund Engine No. 1 led a campaign that unseated three Exxon Mobil board members and replaced them with directors more sensitive to climate risk. Exxon Mobil also subjected the San Diego County community of Imperial Beach to a campaign of legal harassment over the city's participation in a lawsuit aimed at forcing the company and others in the oil industry to pay compensation for the cost of global warming, which stems from the burning of the companies' products.