Here, they can take inspiration from both late Senator Jesse Helms and President Bill Clinton. In 1995, the Clinton administration stepped in to prevent Conoco from developing two Iranian oil fields. The following year, after Conoco sought to make an end run around the spirit of the prohibition by outsourcing the work to a Dutch subsidiary, Congress passed the Iran-Libya Sanctions Act to empower the United States to slap sanctions on foreign firms investing in either terrorist sponsor. Europeans reacted with fury at what they perceived as American arrogance aimed at coercing their businesses. Many European politicians urged defiance, but European businessmen prioritized the impact to their bottom line of U.S. sanctions and extricated themselves from Iran and Libya work. In 1997, Clinton tightened the screws further with Executive Order 13059, prohibiting transshipment of goods or re-export from third countries into Iran.