Increased awareness of climate change has led to a proliferation of tools seeking to quantify the climate performance of investment funds – from carbon intensity to measures designed to report the proportion of an asset's revenue derived from 'green solutions', and various dimensions of climate risk. These approaches are useful but for general stakeholder reporting (eg investment clients, beneficiaries, policymakers and the public), an objective, universal measure of climate performance is needed to cut through the stated claims. Eric Nietsch, Head of ESG, Asia, Manulife Investment Management, said: "Manulife Investment Management believes the climate change will have an imminent and potentially irreversible impact on the global economy, capital markets, and society at large. These impacts will manifest as both risks and opportunities for almost all companies an all industries and therefore must be properly assessed by investors in order to safeguard clients' assets.