As the interest rate hike is expected to continue, many U.S. companies have been raising fresh debt capital over the recent quarters to avoid higher interest rates later. As debt origination fees account for about half of total investment banking fees for JPMorgan, this will lead to strong gains. Also, despite being seasonally weak quarter for equity issuances globally, fourth-quarter 2017 is expected to be an exception. Strong rally in the equity markets across the globe might have propelled IPOs and follow-on offerings. So, the related fees are projected to increase for JPMorgan. The company projects investment banking income to be up in high-single-digits range for the fourth quarter. Steady rise in net interest income: In addition to higher interest rates, a moderate improvement in lending — particularly, in the areas of commercial and industrial, real estate and consumer — will likely result in improvement in interest income.