For sanctions violations, the highest fines were $8.9bn levied by the U.S. Department of Justice on BNP Paribas in 2014 for illegally processing transactions in countries subject to sanctions; $1.45bn imposed by U.S. authorities on Commerzbank in 2015 for violating sanctions against businesses in Iran and Sudan; and $938m imposed by the U.S. on Standard Chartered Bank in 2019 for breaking sanctions against Iran.