Tata Motors' plants are vertically integrated and carry out a range of manufacturing activities in-house which result into a wide variety of wastes, which are disposed in compliance with the regulatory requirements. Some Tata Motors' plants have the option of co-processing hazardous waste – i.e. the utilization of high-calorific value wastes as fuel substitute in cement kilns, which is an effective route for energy / material recovery from hazardous waste.