Airlines have sent important demand signals to the SAF production market: All SAF produced in 2022 was purchased, at an additional cost to the industry of around $500 million, as the price of SAF is at a significant premium to the price of jet fuel. There are increasing examples of airlines integrating vertically into the supply chain, with some committing equity and venture capital into SAF projects. Airlines have signed SAF forward purchase agreements worth a total of around $45 billion, well above current SAF availability. "We need governments to act on the CAAF/3 declaration with policies that expand SAF production in all its forms. Despite unmistakable signs of demand, the SAF production market is not developing fast enough. We need SAF everywhere in the world and, to that end, the right supporting policies – policies that can stimulate production, promote competition, foster innovation and attract financing – must be put in place today, Walsh said.