Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: For example, countries with a lot of deserts can terraform their desert to increase their habitable land and using irrigation to provide clean water to the desert.

Target: For example, countries with a lot of deserts can transform their desert to increase their habitable land and use irrigation to provide clean water to the desert.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: As the number of people grows, the need of habitable environment is unquestionably essential.

Target: As the number of people grows, the need for a habitable environment is unquestionably increasing.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: Besides some technologically determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of the society for safety, convenience and economy.

Target: Besides some technological determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of society for safety, convenience, and economy.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies concern.

Target: Safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies are concerned about.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: On one hand more and more virus and hack can access personal computers, so the secret data and documents may be stolen.

Target: On the one hand, more and more viruses and hackers can access personal computers, so secret data and documents may be stolen.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: We can have fingerprint verification reader combined with built-in smartcard reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification.

Target: We can have a fingerprint verification reader combined with a built-in smart card reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: Nuclear technology had come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917.

Target: Nuclear technology has come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from fission reaction can induce a nuclear chain reaction sparked off widespread interest in nuclear technology.

Target: The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from a fission reaction could induce a nuclear chain reaction has sparked a widespread interest in nuclear technology.


Source: Update to remove grammar errors: The leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted the many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprung up across the America in the following months.

Target: The leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted the many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprang up across America in the following months.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: Although the reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, the damaged dealt to nuclear power was irreversible and caused its subsequent decline.

Target: Although the reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, the damage dealt to nuclear power was irreversible and caused its subsequent decline.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: To partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China had launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030.

Target: To partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China has launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: This endeavor to produce more nuclear power have stimulated the development of safer designs of nuclear reactors.

Target: This endeavor to produce more nuclear power has stimulated the development of safer designs for nuclear reactors.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: In conclusion, nuclear technology development had always been driven by social factors.

Target: In conclusion, nuclear technology development has always been driven by social factors.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: World War 2 had given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments.

Target: World War 2 has given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be improved while retaining the strength.

Target: These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be overcome while retaining the strengths.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Therefore careful analysis of the product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation.

Target: Therefore careful analysis of a product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: An example is water which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful.

Target: An example is water, which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful.


Source: Fix grammaticality: This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same energy produced by a small amount of fuel.

Target: This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same amount of energy produced by a small amount of fuel.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: All the solutions will be thoroughly analysed by the engineers before coming to a conclusion.

Target: All the solutions will be thoroughly analyzed by engineers before coming to a conclusion.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: As a result, students have no chance to develop their creative thinking and gradually become stereotype.

Target: As a result, students have no chance to develop their creative thinking abilities and gradually become.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: However, after one year study, he found history not suitable for himself and became interested in physics and showed great talent.

Target: However, after one year's study, he found history not suitable for him and became interested in physics, and showed great talent.


Source: Fix grammar: Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's trail of solving the present problems.

Target: Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's solving the present problems.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: If China can come up with effective policy to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster.

Target: If China can come up with an effective policy to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for the innovators.

Target: The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for innovators.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: By diffusion and adoption of the innovation products by the public or specific users, the innovators have to face the consequences.

Target: Through the distribution and adoption of innovative products by the public or specific users, innovators have to face the consequences.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: These are not the only challenges that the innovators are going to deal with.

Target: These are not the only challenges that innovators are going to deal with.


Source: Fix grammar errors: In order to process from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of fund for development and commercial purposes.

Target: In order to proceed from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of funds for development and commercial purposes.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: So, the manufacture company, for example, the company that the innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund.

Target: So, the manufacturing company, for example, the company that innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: For example, if the manufacturing company did not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for their prototypes development.

Target: For example, if the manufacturing company does not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for the development of their prototypes.


Source: Update to remove grammar errors: Then the innovators have to stop all works for the development.

Target: Then the innovators have to stop all work for the development.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: This shows that the manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain the companies' stand.

Target: This shows that manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain the companies' stand.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect the innovators from developing innovation products.

Target: Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect innovators from developing innovative products.


Source: Fix errors in this text: For example, the marketing department thinks that the innovated products are not relevant to what the company is selling.

Target: For example, the marketing department thinks that the new products are not relevant to what the company is selling.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: They have to obtain fund from the investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovation products for sales in the marketplace.

Target: They have to obtain funds from investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovative products for sale in the marketplace.


Source: Make the sentence fluent: Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations which satisfies human needs.

Target: Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations which satisfy human needs.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Because Engineering designs are always related to real problem, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper.

Target: Because engineering designs are always related to real problems, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Political issues usually become realized in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step.

Target: Political issues usually become relevant in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: In the last step of design, political issues also disturb the process significantly.

Target: In the last step of design, political issues can also disrupt the process significantly.


Source: Make the sentence fluent: However, when the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped.

Target: However, after the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistent between the city government and higher level authorities.

Target: In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistency between the city government and higher-level authorities.


Source: Fix grammaticality: It affects the analyzing and test step most seriously though it can affect almost every step of design work.

Target: It affects the analyzing and the test step most seriously though it can affect almost every step of design work.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in the financial support may even lead to the incomplete of a project.

Target: Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in the financial support may even lead to the incompletion of a project.


Source: Grammar improvements: Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead more comfortable and easier life.

Target: Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead a more comfortable and easier life.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: There are various fields which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on.

Target: There are various fields in which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to year 2009 and it has affected the electronics supply chain.

Target: The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to the year 2009, and it has affected the electronics supply chain.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: Hence designs that need large amount of gold may not be feasible.

Target: Hence designs that need a large amount of gold may not be feasible.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: However, if the engineers were to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product will be high.

Target: However, if the engineers are to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product will be high.


Source: Update to remove grammar errors: Hazardous product can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives.

Target: Hazardous products can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Thus it is very important for engineers to do repeated trial test of the product to ensure that it is free of faults.

Target: Thus it is very important for engineers to do repeated trial tests of the product to ensure that it is free of faults.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that in reality there are several factors that preventing the progress of engineering design.

Target: As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that, in reality, there are several factors that prevent the progress of engineering design.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: In Singapore, there is only a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated of the research and development sector.

Target: In Singapore, there is a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated to the research and development sector.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: Some feel that in these tough economical times, it is wiser to splurge the money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to instill entrepreneurship, rather than investing in research in engineering design.

Target: Some feel that in these tough economic times, it is wiser to spend the money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to encourage entrepreneurship rather than investing in research in engineering design.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Secondly, the amount of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design.

Target: Secondly, the number of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: The population of Singapore is scarce compared to other countries in the region.

Target: The population of Singapore is small compared to other countries in the region.


Source: Grammar improvements: The impact on having a limited amount of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas.

Target: The impact of having a limited number of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: However, the 3 M researchers found out this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfy many people's needs.

Target: However, the 3 M researchers found that this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfied many people's needs.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: Thus post-it note was invented from this idea.

Target: Thus the post-it note was invented from this idea.


Source: Make the sentence fluent: In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and solved many irrelevant problems.

Target: In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and have solved many problems.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: Thus, it is fair to say that either conventional technology or serendipitous technology is stimulated by the realization of problems and needs.

Target: Thus, it is fair to say that both conventional technology and serendipitous technology are stimulated by the realization of problems and needs.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: If the refrigerator was remained as it was invented in 1910s and no further development has been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost.

Target: If the refrigerator had remained as it was invented in the 1910s and no further development had been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: How other people get to know your products and been convinced to use them.

Target: How other people get to know about your products and are convinced to use them.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: From these two examples above, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization which involved a lot of hard work.

Target: From these two examples, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization which involve a lot of hard work.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Research is usually based on certain organizations and it requires some time, funds and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results.

Target: Research is usually based in certain organizations, and it requires some time, funds, and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional idea of Chinese people.

Target: This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional philosophy of Chinese people.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future.

Target: Thus, I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future.


Source: Grammar improvements: Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they had to go through in their endeavours.

Target: Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they have to go through in their endeavors.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: These planes are not only a mark of development in speed but also in agility.

Target: These planes are a mark of development not only in speed but also in agility.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: Most importantly, we see that these needs of the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft.

Target: Most importantly, we see that the needs of the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Secondly, social factors guided the growth of planes.

Target: Secondly, social factors have guided the growth of planes.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes increased over the years in the response to meet the rise in global travelers.

Target: It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes has increased over the years in response to the rise in global travelers.


Source: Fix grammar errors: These modifications were indeed not possible if not for the varying social as well as military requirements during different eras.

Target: These modifications would indeed not have been possible if not for the varying social as well as military requirements during different eras.


Source: Fix errors in this text: When there is a need for something, a technology is create to solve the problem.

Target: When there is a need for something, technology is created to solve the problem.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: This implies that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars.

Target: This implied that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: However the cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done.

Target: However, the cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done.


Source: Fix grammaticality: As mentioned, the Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the Earth.

Target: As mentioned, the Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the earth.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: There many alternative source of energy can be used and applied in our life, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power and so on.

Target: There are many alternative sources of energy that can be used and applied in our life, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power, and so on.


Source: Fix grammar: The 21st century is faced with a severe problem of global energy shortage.

Target: The world in the 21st century is faced with the severe problem of global energy shortage.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: The rate of energy consumption by human is much higher than what nature is able to produce.

Target: However, the rate of energy consumption by humans is much higher than what nature is able to produce.


Source: Fix grammar: Therefore, the last decade has witnessed the increasing energy price due to insufficient supply of energy.

Target: Therefore, the last decade has witnessed increasing energy prices due to an insufficient supply of energy.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: In response to energy shortage, engineers design more efficient products and systems.

Target: In response to energy shortage, engineers are designing more efficient products and systems.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: Natural movements such as tide, wind and wave can all be used for generating power.

Target: Natural movements such as the tide, the wind, and the waves can all be used for generating power.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: It shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum.

Target: This shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum.


Source: Fix errors in this text: Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constrains faced by engineers.

Target: Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constraints faced by engineers.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: To conclude, engineering design process can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage.

Target: To conclude, engineering design processes can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Technologies are always developed to cater certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living.

Target: Technologies are usually developed to cater to certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living.


Source: Fix grammar: Virtual technology has been designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population.

Target: Virtual technology was designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: New technologies had made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographic barriers and national boundaries.

Target: New technologies have made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographic barriers and national boundaries.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Catering to this need, a series of solutions has been developed based on virtual technology.

Target: Catering to this need, a series of solutions have been developed based on virtual technology.


Source: Grammar improvements: Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology and solutions have been designed to meet the needs.

Target: Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology, and solutions have been designed to meet these needs.


Source: Fix grammaticality: The development of virtual technology is shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs and military demands.

Target: Thus, the development of virtual technology has been shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs, and military demands.


Source: Fix grammar errors: However, problems inevitably generate and affect the process of innovation due to the improper strategies or methods.

Target: However, problems inevitably arise and affect the process of innovation due to improper strategies or methods.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: In other words, these designs are produced without adequate market survey, so they turn out to be unwelcomed among public.

Target: In other words, these designs are produced without adequate market survey, so they turn out to be unwelcomed by the public.


Source: Fix grammar: Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless as rubbish once out of market.

Target: Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless like rubbish once booted out of the market.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: After the policy of reform and opening-up, Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations.

Target: After China adopted the policy of reform and opening up, the Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations.


Source: Fix errors in this text: As long as the application documents meet the format, the patent will be approved.

Target: As long as the application documents meet the required format, the patent will be approved.


Source: Update to remove grammar errors: Normally the lawsuits of patent infringement can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures.

Target: Normally patent infringement lawsuits can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: As a developing country, now China is facing problems on many fields.

Target: As a developing country, China is now facing problems in many fields.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: China's education is typical exam-oriented education.

Target: China's education is a typical exam-oriented education.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet the needs.

Target: However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet these needs.


Source: Fix grammar: In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs the people with innovative talent.

Target: In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs people with innovative talent.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: If engineers do not come up with new ideas, they cannot find best solution for the problems.

Target: If engineers do not come up with new ideas, they cannot find the best solution for different problems.


Source: Fix grammaticality: As a result, the engineering design would be in slow progress and there are still a lot of complex problems left unsolved.

Target: As a result, the field of engineering design is slow in progress, and there are still a lot of complex problems left unsolved.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Out of 10 dollars made, this factory only have 1 dollar, while the Japanese company gets 9.

Target: Out of 10 dollars made, this factory only has 1 dollar, while the Japanese company gets 9.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: The reason why this factory gets so little is that the design belongs to that Japanese company.

Target: The reason why this factory gets so little is that the design belongs to a Japanese company.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Therefore, very little money is devoted to design process for innovation and these companies only repeat this low-end production circle.

Target: Therefore, very little money is devoted to the design process for innovation, and these companies only reproduce this low-end production circle.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: In addition to China's low-end industrial structure, the bad situation of intellectual property protection also hampers engineering innovational process.

Target: In addition to China's low-end industrial structure, the bad state of intellectual property protection also hampers the innovational engineering process.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: Therefore, innovation is discouraged by lack of protection for intellectual property in society.

Target: Therefore, innovation is discouraged because of the lack of protection for intellectual property in society.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: To sum up, China's low-end industrial structure and bad situation of intellectual property protection are the two major problems that hamper engineering design process in China.

Target: To sum up, China's low-end industrial structure and bad state of intellectual property protection are the two major problems that hamper the engineering design process in China.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Nowadays it is common to see a person carry a laptop everywhere, which was unimaginable thirty years ago.

Target: Nowadays, it is common to see a person carry a laptop everywhere, which was unimaginable thirty years ago.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: Till now, laptop is still a necessary tool in people's daily life.

Target: Until now, a laptop is still a necessary tool in people's daily life.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: One of the reasons for its success was that laptop catered to people's needs greatly.

Target: One of the reasons for its success was that laptops greatly catered to people's needs.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: From the examples in the context above, we can conclude that generally, the development of technology is determined by both technological factors as well as social factors.

Target: From the examples above, we can conclude that, generally, the development of technology is determined by both technological factors as well as social factors.


Source: Fix the grammar mistakes: This is undoubtedly true because that inventions throughout history have greatly improved the quality of people's lives, and people's endless desires have stimulated development of new technologies.

Target: This is undoubtedly true because inventions throughout history have greatly improved the quality of people's lives, and people's endless desires have stimulated the development of new technologies.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: In the 21st century, new desires, as well as new problems have emerged, such as environment pollution, bionics, exploration of outer-space and so on.

Target: In the 21st century, new desires, as well as new problems, have emerged, such as environmental pollution, bionics, exploration of outer space, and so on.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: Among all of these needs, the most urgent and necessary technologies should be the ones that cope with the effect of global warming.

Target: Among all of these needs, the most urgent and necessary technologies should be the ones that deal with the effect of global warming.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: It is stated that a significant parf of carbon dioxide emission is due to burning of fossil fuels, such as gasoline and natural gases.

Target: It is stated that a significant part of carbon dioxide emission is due to the burning of fossil fuels, such as gasoline and natural gases.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: In conclusion, replacing traditional cars by solar cars can effectively control the deterioration of global warming, but further improvements are needed to widely popularize the use of solar cars.

Target: In conclusion, replacing traditional cars with solar cars can effectively control the deterioration of global warming, but further improvements are needed to widely popularize the use of these cars.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: However results have proven otherwise.

Target: However, results have proven otherwise.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Health issues caused by air pollution not only affect the individual but also to the world economy because those who are affected will not be able to work.

Target: Health issues caused by air pollution affect not only the individual but also the world economy because those who are affected will not be able to work.


Source: Fix grammar: In order to solve the problem of air pollution, we got to improve on the current battery technology and come up with better control devices.

Target: In order to solve the problem of air pollution, we need to improve the current battery technology and come up with better control devices.


Source: Fix grammar: For my home country, China, although its design process for innovation has been improved a lot, there still remain several factors which hamper the innovation process significantly.

Target: For my home country, China, although its design process for innovation has improved a lot, there still remain several factors that significantly hamper the innovation process.


Source: Fix the grammar mistakes: Based on this idea, this essay will focus on two factors and explain their corresponding effects on certain design stages.

Target: Based on this observation, this essay will focus on two factors and explain their corresponding effects on certain design stages.


Source: Update to remove grammar errors: Firstly, the directors and manager of the state-owned enterprises exploit their position and power in the company to advance their own private interests.

Target: Firstly, the directors and managers of state-owned enterprises exploit their position and power in the company to advance their own private interests.


Source: Fix grammar: Thus, the money which goes into operation is reduced largely.

Target: Thus, the money which goes into operation is largely reduced.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: As a consequence, most of the managers and employees have no sense of professional dedication and responsibility.

Target: As a consequence, most managers and employees have no sense of professional dedication and responsibility.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: Even if employees encounter some precious ideas by chance, they may not want to put effort into doing research and converting the ideas into production.

Target: Even if employees discover some good ideas by chance, they may not want to put some effort into doing research and converting the ideas into production.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: They have to prepare for competition and the possibilities of bankrupt.

Target: They have to prepare for competition and the possibilities of bankruptcy.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: The poor equipment in private companies may lead to large uncertainty in design stage.

Target: Poor equipment in private companies may lead to much uncertainty in the design stage.


Source: Fix grammar: By contrast, vaccine discovery is a kind of technology based on a sequence of basic research, followed by applied research, leading to development.

Target: By contrast, the discovery of vaccines involved a kind of technology based on a sequence of basic research, followed by applied research, leading to the development.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: The low technological standard is one of the significant factors which hamper engineering design process.

Target: Low technological standard is one of the significant factors which hamper engineering design processes.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: For those who manage to enter design industry and start innovative work, their exposure to advanced technology is limited.

Target: For those who manage to enter the design industry and start innovative work, their exposure to advanced technology is limited


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Another problem hampering engineering design process is that proprietary intellectual property is not highly valued in China.

Target: Another problem hampering engineering design processes is that proprietary intellectual property is not highly valued in China.


Source: Fix grammar errors: The government believes that this will improve the engineering design process for innovation in the near future.

Target: The government believes that this will improve the engineering design processes for innovation in the near future.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Other than this international regulation, environmental concern is also an important determining factor in shaping nuclear technological innovations.

Target: Other than this international regulation, environmental concern is also an important determining factor in shaping nuclear technological innovation.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: Besides, it also costs large amount of money to deal with spent fuel and radioactive waste.

Target: Besides, it also costs a large amount of money to dispense with spent fuel and radioactive waste.


Source: Fix grammar errors: In a sentence, when dealing with energy crisis, doing analysis and selecting the best solution is of great importance.

Target: In a sentence, when dealing with the energy crisis, doing analysis and selecting the best solution is of great importance.


Source: Fix grammaticality: Thereupon, only a carefully and wisely done engineering design can finally meet the needs of reducing energy consumption and being environmentally friendly at the same time.

Target: Therefore, only a carefully and wisely done engineering design can meet the needs of reducing energy consumption while being environmentally friendly at the same time.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: Through decades of development, bar code has been shaped by social factors to some extent.

Target: Through decades of development, the bar code has been shaped by social factors to some extent.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: The users, especially retailers and product manufacturers, play important roles in improving bar code.

Target: The users, especially retailers and product manufacturers, play important roles in improving the bar code.


Source: Fix grammar errors: Firs and foremost, bar code emerged and developed as the times required.

Target: First and foremost, the bar code emerged and developed as the times required.


Source: Grammar improvements: However, the first application area of bar code was not supermarket or grocery but railroads.

Target: However, the first application area of the bar code was not the supermarket or grocery but railroads.


Source: Fix grammaticality: On the other hand, retailers then were just in need of a system like bar code.

Target: On the other hand, retailers then were just in need of a system like a bar code.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: Today the demands of users are still shaping bar code, expanding it to more application fields like libraries and post industry.

Target: Today, the demands of users are still shaping the bar code, expanding it to more application fields like libraries and the post industry.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Another factor that affects bar code's development is the economic concerns.

Target: Another factor that affects the bar code's development is economic concerns.


Source: Grammar improvements: Besides, users have to buy devices that read bar code as well.

Target: Besides, users have to buy devices that read bar codes as well.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Due to this reason, bar code was not broadly implemented as soon as it was invented.

Target: Due to this reason, the bar code was not broadly implemented as soon as it was invented.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: In addition to the demands and economic concerns, the wide range of users helps to improve bar code.

Target: In addition to demands and economic concerns, the wide range of users helps to improve the bar code.


Source: Fix grammar: It promotes bar code to be developed into an internationally recognized and commonly readable system.

Target: It promotes the bar code to be developed into an internationally recognized and commonly readable system.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: Besides globalization, the various kinds of users shape it to an easily implemented technology.

Target: Besides globalization, the various kinds of users shape it to be an easily used technology.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: To sum up, bar code is an important technology.

Target: To sum up, the bar code is an important technology.


Source: Fix grammar errors: The shortage of natural resources mean that all raw materials required for engineering design process for innovations would have to come from import.

Target: The shortage of natural resources means that all raw materials required for the engineering design process for innovations would have to come from imports.


Source: Grammar improvements: This by itself poses problems such as greater cost incurred for innovations, shipment fees, as well as a delay in engineering design process.

Target: This by itself poses problems such as greater costs incurred for innovations, shipment fees, as well as a delay in the design process.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: Without funding, this step of designing would be impossible especially if the raw materials are required in large quantity.

Target: Without funding, this step of designing would be impossible, especially if the raw materials are required in large quantities.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Water supply has always been a key issue for consideration by Singapore government.

Target: Water supply has always been a key issue for consideration by the Singapore government.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: Hence when idea of water desalination first came out, it was greatly funded by Singapore government for further improvements in Singapore.

Target: Hence when the idea of water desalination first came out, it was greatly funded by the Singapore government for further improvements in Singapore.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: Even though the project took an extra two months, it helped to increase market share of Toshiba.

Target: Even though the project took an extra two months, it helped to increase its market share of Toshiba.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: If there have been no changes in views of investors, Toshiba laptops would not have existed in the current market.

Target: If there had been no changes in the views of investors, Toshiba laptops would not have existed in the current market.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: At that time, the offices were cramped and there were no space available for workers to place their desktop.

Target: At that time, the offices were cramped, and there was no space available for workers to place their desktops.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: This convenience increases efficiency of workers as they are now able to work from anywhere in their offices besides their desk area.

Target: This convenience efficiency of workers as they are now able to work from anywhere in their offices besides their desk area.


Source: Make the sentence fluent: But there still existed a lot of discoveries that were made as a result of serendipitous result of normal research which always had some interesting stories behind them.

Target: But there still existed a lot of discoveries that were made as a serendipitous result of normal research, which always had some interesting stories behind them.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: Although these two types of discoveries could both influence the society, there are two interesting differences between them in designing process.

Target: Although these two types of discoveries could both influence society, there are two interesting differences between them in the process.


Source: Fix errors in this text: In contrast, there is always no specific need for the serendipitous discovery and the research which makes the discovery is usually for other purpose, and the serendipitous discovery is usually due to unexpected result of a normal research.

Target: In contrast, there is always no specific need for serendipitous discovery, and the research which makes the discovery is usually for other purposes, and serendipitous discovery is usually due to the unexpected results of normal research.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: But fortunately, we got very smart and careful people who were able to find them and find a way to use them.

Target: But fortunately, we had very smart and careful people who were able to find them and find a way to use them.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Although there are differences between the two types of discoveries, there is also some similarities between them.

Target: Although there are differences between the two types of discoveries, there are also some similarities between them.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: A majority of these limitations would increases the cost of the innovation and hence require careful design.

Target: A majority of these limitations would increase the cost of the innovation and hence require careful design.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: One of these problems includes the city-state's lack of land space which would affect the structural design of the innovation particularly if it was on the large scale.

Target: One of these problems includes the city-state's lack of land space which would affect the structural design of the innovation, particularly if it was on a large scale.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: This increase in cost will hence hinder the market value and affect the economic analysis stage of the design process.

Target: This increase in cost will hence affect the market value and affect the economic analysis stage of the design process.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: In view of the collapse of Nicoll highway back in April 2004, HDB has put up very strict requirements on the piling process and the materials used, like grade 30 concrete should be used in piling.

Target: In view of the collapse of the Nicoll highway back in April 2004, HDB has put up very strict requirements for the piling process, and the materials used, like grade 30 concrete, should be used in piling.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: Contradictory to its limited land area as discussed earlier, it houses more than 4 million people.

Target: Contrary to its limited land area, as discussed earlier, it houses more than 4 million people.


Source: Fix grammar errors: All these will seriously affect the functionality analysis stage of the design process, as more time and consideration will have to be channeled into this portion.

Target: All these will seriously affect the functionality analysis stage of the design process, as more time and consideration will have to be channeled into this stage.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: Such an example shows how proper planning of the amenities lead to the success of the application.

Target: Such an example shows how proper planning of the amenities to the success of the application.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: The story about how Schoenbein invented guncotton was quite an interesting story.

Target: The story about how Schoenbein invented guncotton is quite an interesting story.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: After he finished cleaning he thought that his wife will blame him after she saw what he had done.

Target: After he had finished cleaning, he thought that his wife would blame him after she saw what he had done.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: When he walked near the stove the apron burned without any smoke and ashes left.

Target: When he walked near the stove, the apron burned without any smoke and left ashes.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: But without the prudential attitude towards science he may miss his good luck and did not go on finding how can this phenomenon occur.

Target: But without the prudential attitude towards science, he may have missed his good luck and did not go on finding how this phenomenon can occur.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: As both of them are explosive, people use them to exploit mines, tear down great buildings and provide a high temperature for many chemical experiments.

Target: As both of them are explosives, people use them to exploit mines, tear down great buildings and provide a high temperature for many chemical experiments.


Source: Make the sentence fluent: As it was unveiled in the research report, it somehow took longer for the health facilities to obtain approval from the State Health Agency than to actually build or extend the needed facilities.

Target: As unveiled in the research report, it somehow took longer for the health facilities to obtain approval from the State Health Agency than to actually build or extend the needed facilities.


Source: Fix grammaticality: In current stage, political environment and people's mindset are two of the problems that may hamper engineering design process for innovation.

Target: In the current stage, the political environment and people's mindsets are two of the problems that may hamper the engineering design process for innovation.


Source: Fix grammaticality: Both can be classified as a kind of special glue, the history of post-it notes and super glue seems rather different.

Target: While it can be classified as a kind of special glue, the history of post-it notes and super glue seems rather different.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: The next stage research is to use the scientific method to fulfill the previous target.

Target: The next stage of research was to use the scientific method to fulfill the previous target.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: In this stage, the difference between the two kinds of discoveries turns to be that the serendipitous discovery's inventor could not meet his initial needs like the normal inventor but accidently create a totally different product instead.

Target: In this stage, the difference between the two kinds of discoveries turned out to be that the serendipitous discovery's inventor could not meet his initial needs like the normal inventor but accidentally created a totally different product instead.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: One is low adhesive but re-adherable so is used to make notes that can be attached to documents and other surfaces freely.

Target: One was low adhesive but re-adherable, so it is used to make notes that can be attached to documents and other surfaces freely.


Source: Grammar improvements: The other one is high adhesive and functions quickly so can be used to glue many materials quickly with great strength.

Target: The other one was high adhesive and functioned quickly, so it can be used to glue many materials quickly with great strength.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: So it is no more surprising that the two products both become very popular among the consumers as soon as they come out.

Target: So it is not surprising that the two products both become very popular among consumers as soon as they come out.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: Technical factor is one of the four elements that determine the development of electric vehicle.

Target: The technical factor is one of the four elements that have determined the development of the electric vehicle.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: Compared to the structure of a conventional automobile, electric vehicle has a similar structure but different components.

Target: Compared to the structure of a conventional automobile, the electric vehicle has a similar structure but different components.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: In addition, electric vehicle is safe to drive around as it is solely using electricity, while most conventional vehicles require gasoline, which is inflammable.

Target: In addition, the electric vehicle is safe to drive as it uses solely electricity, while most conventional vehicles require gasoline, which is inflammable.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: On the other hand, electric vehicle utilizes electrical energy by using batteries, so the engine is relatively clean, emission-free and quiet.

Target: On the other hand, the electric vehicle utilizes electrical energy from batteries, so the engine is relatively clean, emission-free, and quiet.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: In the end, gasoline vehicles controlled the monopoly on automobiles in market.

Target: In the end, gasoline vehicles controlled the monopoly on automobiles in the market.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: They also feel that these cars are less attractive compared to conventional cars too.

Target: They also feel that these cars are less attractive compared to conventional cars


Source: Update to remove grammar errors: Nowadays, with the ever-accelerated technology, many inventions come into being, and many new words come with them as well.

Target: Nowadays, with the ever-accelerating technology, many inventions have come into being, and many new words have come with them as well.


Source: Fix grammar errors: It is a typical serendipity example, which in fact shares some common points with a conventional research.

Target: It is a typical serendipity example, which in fact, shares some common points with conventional research.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: Although there are similarities existing, they differ from each other in several respects.

Target: Although there are similarities, they differ from each other in several respects.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: However, both of them are needed to make scientific world a more magic and wonderful world!

Target: However, both of them are needed to make the scientific world a more magical and wonderful world!


Source: Grammar improvements: In my humble opinion, its success is owing to both social and economic factors.

Target: In my humble opinion, its success is due to both social and economic factors.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: Military priority during the World War II was an important factor in propelling the design and use of jet engine.

Target: Military priority during World War II was an important factor in propelling the design and use of the engine.


Source: Grammar improvements: As we can see, if there is no threat of war, the British Government may not provide any funding at all.

Target: As we can see, if there was no threat of war, the British Government may not have provided any funding at all.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: The social setting of the invention also plays an interesting role in shaping the history of jet engine.

Target: The social setting of the invention also plays an interesting role in shaping the history of the jet engine.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: Since the reform and open policy was established in 1978, China has enjoyed a booming development in economics and technology.

Target: Since the reform and open policy was established in 1978, China has enjoyed a booming development in economy and technology.


Source: Grammar improvements: As a result, a lot of factories are built to provide the whole world with cheap and qualified products.

Target: As a result, a lot of factories are built to provide the whole world with cheap and quality products.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: A notable number of Chinese factories make piratical products by copying foreign products.

Target: A notable number of Chinese factories make pirated products by copying foreign products.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: They tend to copy other engineers' work and become less creative, which in turn, significantly hamper the engineering design innovation of the whole nation.

Target: They tend to copy other engineers' work and become less creative, which in turn, significantly hampers the engineering design innovation of the whole nation.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: By reducing the plagiarism rate of Chinese institutes and gradually converting the conservative consumption concept of Chinese people, China can really make a big difference.

Target: By reducing the plagiarism rate of Chinese institutes and gradually changing the conservative consumption concept of Chinese people, China can really make a big difference.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Appropriate facilities, efficient technology support and proper use of food are required to increase the food production in order to solve the food shortage problem.

Target: Appropriate facilities, efficient technical support, and proper use of food are required to increase food production in order to solve the food shortage problem.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: To be more accurate, in the developing countries, government should make a good plan to build irrigation canal and bank based on the analysis of local climate and geography.

Target: To be more accurate, in developing countries, the government should make a good plan to build irrigation canals and banks based on the analysis of local climate and geography.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Government should provide stable surroundings for farmers to plant food.

Target: The government should provide stable surroundings for farmers to plant food.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Besides the infrastructure construction, another advisable method to increase production is to mechanize the agriculture system.

Target: Besides the infrastructure construction, another advisable method to increase production is to mechanize the agricultural system.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: Armed with machine, farmers can make the most of limited farmland and time.

Target: Armed with machinery, farmers can make the most of limited farmland and time.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: It is effortless to come up with the idea that we can use biological engineering way to change certain properties of plants.

Target: It is effortless to come up with the idea that we can use biological engineering to change certain properties of plants.


Source: Fix the grammar mistakes: Government should also make some regulations to urge experts to teach farmers how to farm scientifically.

Target: The government should also make some regulations to urge experts to teach farmers how to farm scientifically.


Source: Grammar improvements: Having made a good plan to help farmers to produce more food, government must use the food properly.

Target: Having made a good plan to help farmers to produce more food, the government must use the food properly.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: It is an inhuman action to turn food into ethanol to feed cars instead of helping those starving people.

Target: It is an inhumane action to turn food into ethanol to feed cars instead of helping those starving people.


Source: Fix grammaticality: Standard of living has become higher and higher.

Target: The standard of living has become higher and higher.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Undergoing this challenge, Vietnam will gain more power to catch up with the developed world.

Target: Overcoming this challenge, Vietnam will gain more power to catch up with the developed world.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Engineering design processes for innovations are very important to the industry of China.

Target: Engineering design processes for innovations are very important to the industry in China.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: However, nowadays, there are some problems hamper the engineering design processes for innovations in China.

Target: However, nowadays, there are some problems that hamper the engineering design processes for innovations in China.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: The price of the ordinary materials are suitable and almost the same as other countries.

Target: The price of ordinary materials is suitable and almost the same as that in other countries.


Source: Fix grammar errors: These problems lead to a result that although there are good products, plastic conduit cannot exert its special functions because the workers do not have the necessary knowledge and still follows the outdated methods.

Target: These problems lead to a result that although there are good products, the plastic conduit cannot serve its special functions because the workers do not have the necessary knowledge and still follow outdated methods.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: However, just like plastic conduit, there are many engineering designs which have not developed into perfect innovations in China because of the problems exist now.

Target: However, just like plastic conduits, there are many engineering designs that have not developed into perfect innovations in China because of the problems that exist now.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: In the board sweep of scientific history, scientists have made a lot of discoveries via research.

Target: In the broad sweep of scientific history, scientists have made a lot of discoveries via research.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: Over the years, man has come up with many marvelous ideas and technologies which helped to simplify our lives by a huge leap.

Target: Over the years, man has come up with many marvelous ideas and technologies which have helped to simplify our lives by a huge leap.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: They even asked for more cards when they finished giving out what they have.

Target: They even asked for more cards when they finished giving out what they had.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: The electric car is a large scale project where large amount of money is pumped into doing research in order to improve the car.

Target: The electric car is a large-scale project where a large amount of money is pumped into doing research in order to improve the car.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: Besides that, each individual part that make up the car is also expensive.

Target: Besides that, each individual part that makes up the car is also expensive.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: One similarity the two technologies share is that the process is tough.

Target: One similarity the two technologies share is that the process is tedious.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: Besides, researchers have to repeat the same experiment hundreds of times until success.

Target: Besides, researchers have to repeat the same experiment hundreds of times until they succeed.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: Moreover, conventionally generated technology and innovation receive different attitudes from other people.

Target: Moreover, conventionally generated technology and innovation receive different responses from other people.


Source: Fix grammaticality: The researchers of the innovation may receive poor feedbacks in the prior market research, or someone even regard the researchers as idiots.

Target: The researchers of the innovation may receive poor feedback in the prior market research, or someone may even regard the researchers as idiots.


Source: Fix grammar errors: However the engineer Mizoguchi persisted to research the laptop in a skunkworks environment, and finally he got the triumph and nowadays laptop is becoming essential in our daily life.

Target: However, the engineer Mizoguchi persisted in researching the laptop in a skunkworks environment, and finally, he got the triumph, nowadays, the laptop is becoming essential in our daily life.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: As a most important aspect to contribute to the development of science and technology of the nation as well as improve living standard of people, engineering design for innovations plays a significant role in the current Chinese society.

Target: As a most important aspect to contribute to the development of science and technology of the nation as well as improve the living standard of the people, engineering design for innovations plays a significant role in the current Chinese society.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: This phenomenon is partially a result of the social prejudice that the society respects those with power more than intelligentsias.

Target: This phenomenon is partially a result of the social prejudice that society respects those with power more than intelligence.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Improving the education system and developing right academic atmosphere are essential and urgent.

Target: Improving the education system and developing the right academic atmosphere is essential and urgent.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Only removing the obstacles can engineers develop science and technology and design new things of innovations.

Target: Only by removing the obstacles can engineers develop science and technology and design new things of innovations.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: Because the project usually spends a lot of money, one should have a backup, such as a company, to give financial support.

Target: Because the project usually costs a lot of money, one should have a backup, such as a company, to give financial support.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment differ in organizational structure and time consumption, but similar in the doers and the purpose.

Target: A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment differ in organizational structure and time consumption but are similar in the doers and the purpose.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: In some cases, although the idea of the project was brilliant, the executives rejected the proposal due to the economic situation of the company.

Target: In some cases, although the idea of the project was brilliant, the executives rejected the proposal due to the financial situation of the company.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: In contrast, a project which is done in a skunkworks environment does not undergo the company's bureaucracy.

Target: In contrast, a project which is done in a skunkworks environment does not go through the company's bureaucracy.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: As a result of the difference in organizational structure, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment also differ in time consumption.

Target: As a result of the difference in organizational structure, a conventionally generated technology and innovation that is created in a skunkworks environment also differ in time consumption.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: Despite these differences, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment have two similarities.

Target: Despite these differences, a conventionally generated technology and an innovation that is created in a skunkworks environment have two similarities.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: For instance, hand phone is made in order to communicate with another person in the different place in an easier way.

Target: For instance, the handphone is made in order to communicate with another person in a different place in an easier way.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment are different but alike.

Target: A conventionally generated technology and an innovation that was created in a skunkworks environment are different yet alike.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: Though they are different in organizational structure and time consumption, but both still have similarities in the doers and the purpose.

Target: Though they are different in organizational structure and time consumption, both still have similarities in the doers and the purpose.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: Since a company still have to consider a number of factors when making a decision, bureaucracy in the company will not be gone.

Target: Since a company still has to consider a number of factors when making a decision, bureaucracy in the company will not be gone.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: However, by looking at the efficiency of the skunkworks, it is possible for a company to reduce the bureaucracy in order to come out with more innovations.

Target: However, by looking at the efficiency of skunkworks, it is possible for a company to reduce the bureaucracy in order to come up with more innovations.


Source: Grammar improvements: Annually, millions of funds are being pumped into the R&D sector to encourage innovations to offer solutions to the pressing challenges Singapore faces.

Target: Annually, millions in funds are being pumped into the R&D sector to encourage innovations to offer solutions to the pressing challenges Singapore faces.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: One problem faced by engineering design in Singapore is the various restrictions due to socio-political system of the country.

Target: One problem faced by engineering design in Singapore is the various restrictions due to the socio-political system of the country.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: In recent years, the core objectives of the country's research and development project have been directed in the area of clean energy and water technology.

Target: In recent years, the core objectives of the country's research and development projects have been directed in the area of clean energy and water technology.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: As a result, innovation process is interrupted at the stage of research and development with the absence of supports and attention.

Target: As a result, the innovation process is interrupted at the stage of research and development with the absence of support and attention.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: Aside from the lack of resources for the research and development stage, difficulties may be faced in finding suitable target group for the innovation result within the country.

Target: Aside from the lack of resources for the research and development stage, difficulties may be faced in finding a suitable target group for the innovation result within the country.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: The low population of the country disables experimentation on a large scale basic which eventually may cause inaccuracy in the result.

Target: The low population of the country disables experimentation on a large scale which may eventually cause inaccuracy in the result.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Indeed just earlier this year, a team of National University of Singapore researchers find themselves facing this problem.

Target: Indeed just earlier this year, a team of the National University of Singapore researchers found themselves facing this problem.


Source: Fix grammaticality: However, a problem was faced when they attempt to test out the chair.

Target: However, a problem was faced when they attempted to test out the chair.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: They could not get access to enough deaf children locally for the test thus had to travel to Sri Lanka for the test out.

Target: They could not get access to enough deaf children locally for the test and thus had to travel to Sri Lanka for the test.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: Hence the process of engineering design is hampered by the lack of resource not only at stages of research and development, but also in the diffusion of the innovation.

Target: Hence the process of engineering design is hampered by the lack of resources not only at stages of research and development but also in the implementation of the innovation.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: In the 21st century, everything develops in a very fast pace.

Target: In the 21st century, everything develops at a very fast pace.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: The serendipitous discovery of new ideas therefore, sometimes comes out during the trials.

Target: The serendipitous discovery of new ideas and misplaced link words sometimes comes out during the trials.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: Similarly, the discovery of laptop benefits the individual, the society and the world.

Target: Similarly, the discovery of the laptop has benefited the individual, society, and the world.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: Therefore, it is a quite safe design for us to use.

Target: Therefore, it is a safe design for us to use.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: In brief, the two products, laptop and penicillin, are either generated through a long period of research or a serendipitous discovery, they are both made out to meet the people's requirements.

Target: In brief, the two products, the laptop, and penicillin, are either generated through a long period of research or serendipitous, and they have both been made to meet people's requirements.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: Although they may not be the best outcome to fulfil the people's needs, they still lead the world to a technological innovation.

Target: Although they may not be the best outcome to fulfill people's needs, they still lead the world in technological inventions and technological innovation.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: From the huge one with the simplest function to today's lovely and multi-functional one, electronic dictronary have been refined again and again.

Target: From the huge one with the simplest function to today's lovely and multi-functional one, electronic dictionaries have been refined again and again.


Source: Fix grammaticality: Last but not least, the price of electronic dictronary is also influenced by students.

Target: Last but not least, the price of electronic dictionaries is also influenced by students.


Source: Fix grammar errors: As students do not have job, they have to ask their parents for money.

Target: As students do not have jobs, they have to ask their parents for money.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: It can be seen that as technology develops, electronic dictronary will be more and more helpful to students.

Target: It can be seen that as technology develops, electronic dictionary will be more and more helpful to students.


Source: Fix all grammatical errors: However, there are also occasional chances that R&D workers fortuitously discover an invention when they were actually pursuing something else.

Target: However, there are also occasional chances that R&D workers fortuitously discover an invention when they are actually pursuing something else.


Source: Fix grammar: This development received great responses from people throughout the US as it signifies one big step towards solving existing environmental problems such as the global warming.

Target: This development received great responses from people throughout the US as it signifies one big step towards solving existing environmental problems such as global warming.


Source: Fix grammaticality: The conventional innovation process requires the engineers to first identify a human need before the research officially begin.

Target: The conventional innovation process requires engineers to first identify a human need before the research officially begins.


Source: Grammar improvements: On the other hand, a serendipitously discovered product is not the preset goal that the researchers want to achieve.

Target: On the other hand, a serendipitously discovered product is not the preset goal that that researchers want to achieve.


Source: Fix grammar: One of the main differences between conventionally generated technology and skunkwork product is the speed of generating the product.

Target: One of the main differences between a conventionally generated technology and a skunkworks product is the speed of generating the product.


Source: Fix grammar errors in this sentence: While conventional research requires the researchers to do large amount of reports, discussions and management procedures, skunkwork provides pathway to develop an invention quickly without being constrained by bureaucratic processes.

Target: While conventional research requires the researchers to do a large amounts of reports, discussions, and management procedures, skunkworks provides a pathway to develop an invention quickly without being constrained by bureaucratic processes.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: The specified team was given resources and freedom to develop and make changes as they see any problem in the invention.

Target: The specified team is given resources and freedom to develop and make changes as they see any problem in the invention.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: For instance, a conventionally generated invention, electric refrigerator was produced to meet the needs of human.

Target: For instance, a conventionally generated invention, the electric refrigerator, was produced to meet the needs of humans.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: This invention also makes a lot of profit to the company.

Target: This invention also brings a lot of profit to the company.


Source: Remove grammar mistakes: These methods do work, but only minority of the population is doing it, and results could only be seen after many years of efforts.

Target: These methods do work, but only a minority of the population is doing it, and results can only be seen after many years of effort.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: Research has shown that whenever a volcano erupts, it releases large amount of dust and gaseous chemicals causing a thick layer of haze to form around the planet, thus reducing the average temperature of Earth by almost one degree Fahrenheit.

Target: Research has shown that whenever a volcano erupts, it releases a large amount of gaseous chemicals, causing a thick layer of haze to form around the planet, thus reducing the average temperature of Earth by almost one degree Fahrenheit.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: Although the description of the designing process is simple and clear, the implement of engineering design is rather complicated and requires several crucial qualities.

Target: Although the description of the designing process is simple and clear, the implementation of engineering design is rather complicated and requires several crucial qualities.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: First of all, Chinese education system largely destroyed students' creative thinking skills.

Target: First of all, the Chinese education system largely destroyed students' creative thinking skills.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: As a result of the impulsive atmosphere, Chinese government focused too much on economic development but input too little on technological research.

Target: As a result of the impulsive atmosphere, the Chinese government focused too much on economic development but too little on technological research.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: The lack of innovative thinking skills and the indifference to the creative work have already hampered Chinese engineering design.

Target: The lack of innovative thinking skills and the indifference to creative work has already hampered Chinese engineering design.


Source: Fix grammar: To promote creative-centered research and design, China have to transform greatly in these two dimensions.

Target: To promote creative-centered research and design, China has to transform greatly in these two dimensions.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: With concised understanding of the problem and important information, the design will move to the next stage of creating solutions.

Target: With a concise understanding of the problem and important information, the design will move to the next stage of creating solutions.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: The skills which needed in the design process cannot be gain from such an education system.

Target: The skills which are needed in the design process cannot be gained from such an education system.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: China has already find ways to solve these problems, but solving these problems needs time.

Target: China has already found ways to solve these problems, but solving these problems needs time.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: However, this time, the one who destroys the earth is no more the god but human beings themselves.

Target: However, this time, the one who destroys the earth is no more God G but human beings themselves.


Source: Improve the grammar of this text: In such situation, time is of essence.

Target: In such a situation, time is of the essence.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: The designers of the 3-D printer had ensured that their product appeal to a large consumer group by boosting its functionality.

Target: The designers of the 3-D printer have ensured that their product appeals to a large consumer group by boosting its functionality.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Besides, it is also influenced by the potential profitability of the corporate manufacturer.

Target: Besides, it is also influenced by its potential profitability for the corporate manufacturer.


Source: Fix grammar errors: There is therefore a need for a more environmentally friendly way to generate the energy for our use.

Target: There is, therefore, a need for a more environmentally friendly way to generate energy for our use.


Source: Fix errors in this text: However, it is not likely that they will be able to replace the current infrastructures of fossil fuel generators at a quick rate due to high start-up costs, and in some cases geographical constraints.

Target: However, it is not likely that they will be able to replace the current infrastructures of fossil fuel generators at a quick rate due to their high start-up costs and in some cases, geographical constraints.


Source: Fix grammar: Switching from gasoline vehicles to the 'zero-emission' electric vehicles will significantly reduce the carbon emission of these countries, hence the resurgence of electric vehicles and their technology.

Target: Switching from gasoline vehicles to 'zero-emission' electric vehicles will significantly reduce the carbon emission of these countries, hence the resurgence of electric vehicles and their technologies.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Due to the limited resources in Singapore, the commercialization stage may not be able to execute.

Target: Due to the limited resources in Singapore, the commercialization stage may not be able to materialize.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: In Singapore, moving on to the commercialization stage of the design process is not easily achieved without going through tough brain storming.

Target: In Singapore, moving on to the commercialization stage of the design process is not easily achieved without going through tough brainstorming.


Source: Fix grammatical errors in this sentence: However, if eco-car is to proceed on with the commercialization stage in the engineering design process, the problem encountered by my home country is the capital cost.

Target: However, if the eco-car is to proceed to the commercialization stage in the engineering design process, the problem encountered by my home country is capital cost.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: The high retail price of car will significantly affect the decision of committee to commercialize the product as consumer would not pay much for it.

Target: The high retail price of the car will significantly affect the decision of the committee to commercialize the product, as a consumers would not pay much for it.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: With a population of only about 4 million, coupled with lack of natural resources, Singapore has no choice but to make the most of what resources are available.

Target: With a population of only about 4 million, coupled with a lack of natural resources, Singapore has no choice but to make the most of whatever resources are available.


Source: Fix grammar: Hence the significance and importance of research in Singapore.

Target: Hence, the significance and importance of research in Singapore.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: Maybe it would be take a few more years before the eco-car have a potential to be marketed.

Target: Maybe it would take a few more years before the eco-car has the potential to be marketed.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: After all, the simulation done on computers cannot be compared to what the students experienced.

Target: After all, the simulation done on computers cannot be compared to what the students have experienced.


Source: Remove all grammatical errors from this text: The success of the design will be based on the yearly race competition held on an international level.

Target: The success of the design will be based on the yearly race competition held at the international level.


Source: Update to remove grammar errors: To sum up, lack of skilled labour and inability to re-create computer simulation in real life are not the only 2 problems commonly faced in engineering design process in Singapore.

Target: To sum up, the lack of skilled labor and the inability to re-create computer simulation in real life are not the only 2 problems commonly faced in the engineering design process in Singapore.


Source: Fix grammatical errors: However, these 2 problems are enough to cause the downfall and failure of the product when placed in the market.

Target: However, these 2 problems are enough to cause the downfall and failure of the product when it is placed in the market.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: Therefore, purchasing of materials can be quite costly as plenty of them will go to waste.

Target: Therefore, the purchase of materials can be quite costly as plenty of them will go to waste.


Source: Fix grammatical mistakes in this sentence: As a result, the lack of fund will hamper the progress of the design process as there is no material to manufacture a physical product to test its usefulness.

Target: As a result, the lack of funds will hamper the progress of the design process because there will be no material to manufacture a physical product to test its usefulness.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Without the knowledge of the characteristics of different materials, one will not be able to choose the best material, which must be strong yet light in weight, to be use.

Target: Without the knowledge of the characteristics of different materials, one will not be able to choose the best material, which must be strong yet light in weight, to be used.


Source: Fix the grammar mistakes: However, the engineering faculty has built up the race car knowledge after taking part in several annual competitions, and in the recent competition it came in 19th place.

Target: However, the engineering faculty has since built up race car knowledge after taking part in several annual competitions, and in the recent competition, it came in 19th place.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: In the case of lacking of funds, companies need to find sponsorships to fund the cost of their design process.

Target: In the case of lacking funds, companies need to find sponsorships to fund the cost of their design processes.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: To illustrate it simply, one current need of modern people is the demand for a consistent energy source.

Target: To illustrate this simply, one current need of modern people is the demand for a consistent energy source.


Source: Fix disfluencies in the sentence: By identifying the problem and listing all the possible resolutions, it will figure out the best energy source and try to utilize it to supply energy.

Target: After identifying the problem and listing all the possible solutions, it will figure out the best energy source and try to utilize it to supply energy.


Source: Fix the grammatical mistakes: Hence, demand for effective energy supply is the major need of modern people.

Target: Hence, the demand for an effective energy supply is a major need of modern people.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: The main energy source nowadays is fossil fuel energy which has limited storage in the earth.

Target: Nowadays, the main energy source is a fossil fuel which has a limited storage supply on earth.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Through heat transfer from tube to the water, bath water is heated.

Target: Through heat transfer from the tube to the water, the bath water is heated.


Source: Make the sentence grammatical: The production cost of solar energy is higher than that of fossil fuel energy, which therefore impedes its popularization.

Target: The production cost of solar energy is higher than that of fossil fuel energy, which therefore impedes its popularity.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: In sum, the demand for energy supply is a current need that is closely relevant to people's lives, as it is the basis for maintaining the high living standard.

Target: In sum, the demand for energy supply is a current need that is closely relevant to people's lives, as it is the basis for maintaining a high living standard.


Source: Fix grammaticality in this sentence: Yet we still have to endeavor on reducing its production cost.

Target: Yet we still have to work on reducing its production cost.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Example of this is the electrosurgical device.

Target: An example of this is the electrosurgical device.


Source: Fix grammaticality: It is very interesting to see that how engineering ideas can come about.

Target: It is very interesting to see how engineering ideas can come about.


Source: Fix errors in this text: Then how does refrigerator come into being?

Target: Then how does the refrigerator come into being?


Source: Fix errors in this text: Some factors such as the demand of lead user, economic factors, and environmental concern actually play important roles in shaping refrigerator into its shape today.

Target: Some factors, such as the demand of lead users, economic factors, and environmental concerns, actually play important roles in shaping the refrigerator into its shape today.


Source: Fix grammar in the sentence: Due to the number of words limited, this essay only scratches the surface of what leads to the invention and diffusion of the refrigerator, and picks out the three most obvious factors to discuss.

Target: Due to the number of words being limited, this essay only scratches the surface of what led to the invention and diffusion of the refrigerator and picks out the three most obvious factors to discuss.


Source: Fix the grammar mistakes: Scientists have estimated that given the current global energy consumption, we only have sufficient oil reserves to last us for another 50 years.

Target: Scientists have estimated that given the current global energy consumption, we will only have sufficient oil reserves to last us for another 50 years.


Source: Fix grammaticality: This would lead to price inflation and could cause an economic slowdown as affordability would be a concern.

Target: This would lead to price inflation and could cause an economic slowdown as affordability would become a concern.


Source: Fix grammar in this sentence: Therefore, governments are pouring funds into research on this field to benefit from its economic advantages.

Target: Therefore, governments are pouring funds into research in this field to benefit from its economic advantages.


Source: Fix grammar: Next, there is a general consensus that global warming has been greatly attributed by the rise of greenhouse emission from the burning of fossil fuels, which could have devastating and irreversible impacts.

Target: Next, there is a general consensus that global warming has been greatly caused by the rise of greenhouse emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, which could have devastating and irreversible impacts.


Source: Grammar improvements: The rising temperature also gave rise to an increase in the number of heat stroke cases and could cause a potential health issue.

Target: The rising temperature also gives rise to an increase in the number of heat stroke cases and could cause a potential health issue.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: Therefore, the future of our planet lies in our hands and we must be socially responsible for our future generation.

Target: Therefore, the future of our planet lies in our hands, and we must be socially responsible for our future generations.


Source: Improve the grammaticality: Interestedly, this significant technology was initially determined by the California and Arizona state governments inadvertently so as to tackle the issue of smog levels in Los Angeles and Phoenix at that period of time.

Target: Interestingly, this significant technology was initially determined by the California and Arizona state governments inadvertently so as to tackle the issue of smog levels in Los Angeles and Phoenix at that period of time.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this sentence: Furthermore, leaded petrol has been commonly used by the cars consumers in the past.

Target: Furthermore, leaded petrol has been commonly used by consumers in the past.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: For the compressed hydrogen storage, many numerical modeling has been done through computational fluid dynamics tools.

Target: For compressed hydrogen storage, many numerical modeling has been done through computational fluid dynamics tools.


Source: Remove grammatical mistakes: Besides the exciting news about hydrogen storage technology, we still need to pay attention to its dangerous.

Target: Besides the exciting news about hydrogen storage technology, we still need to pay attention to its dangers.


Source: Fix grammaticality of the sentence: Although they had very different outcome, they were triggered by the same motivation to make a better world.

Target: Although they had very different outcomes, they were triggered by the same motivation to make a better world.


Source: Improve the grammaticality of this text: Birth of these two types of innovations had very similar causes, such as pressure from the society or government to cater to certain needs.

Target: The birth of these two types of innovations had very similar causes, such as pressure from the society or government to cater to certain needs.


Source: Fix grammar: In the 1930s, farmers fed their cattle with sweet clover hay but cattle were dying from internal bleeding caused by it.

Target: In the 1930s, farmers fed their cattle with sweet clover hay, but these cattle were dying from internal bleeding caused by it.


Source: Grammar improvements: Electric cars and warfarin alike, they need to be marketed and diffused for potential users to adapt.

Target: Electric cars and warfarin, alike need to be marketed and diffused for potential users to adapt.