Iyini i-laser futhi ubani owayenza?
Context:I-laser iyithuluzi elikhipha ukukhanya ngenqubo yokuqiniswa kokukhanya okusekelwe ekukhishweni okuvuselelwe kwemisebe kagesi. Igama elithi laser liyi-anacronym elavela njengesifushaniso sokukhulisa ukukhanya ngokukhishwa okukhuthaziwe kwemisebe. I-laser yokuqala yakhiwa ngo-1960 nguTheodore Maiman eHughes Research Laboratories, ngokususelwa emsebenzini wezifundo kaCharles H. Townes no-Arthur Leonard Schawlow.  I-laser ihlukile kweminye imithombo yokukhanya ngokuthi ikhipha ukukhanya okungaguquguquki. Ukuvumelana kwendawo kuvumela i-laser ukuba igxiliswe endaweni eqinile, okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa njengokusika i-laser kanye ne-lithography. Ukuvumelana kwendawo kuvumela futhi ukuthi ugongolo lwe-laser luhlale luwumngcingo emabangeni amakhulu (collimation), okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo ezinjengezikhombisi ze-laser ne-lidar (ukutholwa kokukhanya nokuhamba ibanga). Ama-laser angaba nokuvumelana okuphezulu kwesikhathi, okuwavumela ukuba akhiphe ukukhanya okune-spectrum emincane kakhulu. Ngenye indlela, ukuvumelana kwesikhathi kungasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-pulse amafushane kakhulu okukhanya anebanga elibanzi kodwa isikhathi esifushane njenge-femtosecond.  Ama-laser asetshenziswa kuma-optical disc drives, amaphrinta e-laser, ama-barcode scanners, izinsimbi zokulandelela i-DNA, ukuxhumana kwe-fiber-optic, nokuxhumana kwamahhala, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip semiconductor (photolithography), ukuhlinzwa kwe-laser kanye nokwelashwa kwesikhumba, ukusika nokushisela izinto, amadivayisi ezempi nawomthetho wokumaka imigomo nokulinganisa ibanga nejubane, nasekubonisweni kokukhanyisa kwe-laser kwezokuzijabulisa. Ama-semiconductor lasers aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya eduze ne-UV nawo asetshenzisiwe esikhundleni sama-light-emitting diode (ama-LED) ukuze avuse i-fluorescence njengomthombo wokukhanya okumhlophe. Lokhu kuvumela indawo encane kakhulu ekhipha ngenxa yokukhanyisa okukhulu kakhulu kwe-laser futhi kugwema ukwehla okubangelwa ama-LED; amadivayisi anjalo asevele asetshenziswa kwezinye izibani zemoto.
I-laser iyithuluzi elikhipha ukukhanya okuvela emthonjeni wemisebe kagesi. I-laser yokuqala yakhiwa ngo-1960 nguTheodore Maiman eHughes Research Laboratories, ngokusekelwe emsebenzini ongokwengqondo kaCharles H. Townes no-Arthur Leonard Schawlow.  Ama-laser akhipha uhlobo oluthile lokukhanya. Ukukhanya okuhambisanayo. Ukuvumelana kungalinganiswa ngokwendawo noma ngesikhathi. Ukuvumelana kwendawo kuvumela imisebe ye-laser ukuba ihlale incane emabangeni amade. Ukuvumelana kwesikhathi kungasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-pulse okukhanya amafushane kakhulu.  Ezinye izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwama-laser yi-optical disc drives, amaphrinta e-laser, ama-barcode scanners, i-fiber optics kanye ne-photolithography