Bhala isincoko malunga nokuba amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo we-corona ayanceda kuluntu okanye akunjalo
Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe mibini kukho ubhubhane we-COVID-19 kwakunye nolunye ucinezelo, abantu abaninzi e-Netherlands bayaphazamiseka yaye badinwe zizithintelo. Ngokutsho kweRijksoverheid, inani eliphezulu lama-74 000 lamaxhoba liqinisekisiwe eNetherlands ngoJanuwari 28th, kunye namashumi nje alishumi adluliselwa kwi-ICU okanye asweleka ngenxa ye-corona (i-Infections- Confirmed Cases, 2022). Oku kuphakamisa impikiswano: Ngaba urhulumente ufanele aqhubeke enyanzelisa le mithetho okanye akunjalo? Ukuze kuphendulwe loo mbuzo, umntu umele aqale aqonde intsholongwane nendlela esasazeka ngayo, aze emva koko aqwalasele loo ngxoxo-mpikiswano ngokwezobupolitika, ukuziphatha, intlalo noqoqosho. Ityala lokuqala elichaziweyo le-SARS-CoV-2, elibangela isifo se-COVID-19, lafunyanwa ngoDisemba 31, 2019 ("isifo seCoronavirus", 2022), kwaye laqala ukwanda kokungazinzi kwezopolitiko kwihlabathi liphela. Into eyaqala njengobhubhane eTshayina yafikelela phantse kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathini kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Kule minyaka ingama-20 idluleyo, amazwe amaninzi aye achatshazelwa ziintsholongwane ezinxulumene neCovid-19 ezifana neSARS. Ngenxa yamava angaphambili, ngokukhawuleza athabatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iChina ibingazange ibe namatyala angaphezu kwe-110 000 ukususela ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, nangona inabantu abaphantse babe yi-1.5 yezigidigidi (Worldometer, 2022). Noko ke, ilizwe elingazinzanga kangako kwezopolitiko, njengeTurkey, lalingazilungiselelanga kangako yaye lafumana izifo ezili-12 lezigidi, nangona linabemi abazizigidi ezingama-85. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yendlela edluliselwa ngayo ngomoya. Ukuba umntu ukufuphi nomntu osulelekileyo, ukuphefumla kwakhe kunokuyithwala intsholongwane yaye kunokuphefumlelwa ngabantu abasempilweni. Ukunxiba imaski nokugcina umgama kunceda ukuthintela abantu abosulelekileyo ukuba basasaze iinxalenye zentsholongwane kubantu abasempilweni. Noko ke, kumazwe apho la manyathelo engazange aphunyezwe, kwabakho ukwanda okukhulu kweemeko zokufa ngokugqithiseleyo. Uhlobo olutsha lwe-omicron lubonakala lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangangamaxesha angama-20 kunohlobo lwantlandlolo ngenxa yotshintsho olungama-30 (Grossman and Stahel, 2022). Ngethamsanqa, ayibulali kangako kuba ayihlaseli izicubu zemiphunga kwizigaba zayo zokuqala (Zimmer and Ghorayshi, 2021). Kwakhona umntu unokuhlalutya imiqathango ye-coronavirus ngokwembono yokuziphatha: ngaba sifanele sinciphise amanyathelo e-corona nangona ukwenjenjalo kunokubeka ubomi babantu abaninzi engozini? Ukususela ngoJanuwari 28, 2021, intsholongwane yecorona ineqondo lokufa elingu-0.51%. Oku kukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintsholongwane zokuphefumla ezifana nomkhuhlane, onezinga lokufa eliyi- 0.01%. I-COVID-19 ichaphazela kakhulu amaqela asesichengeni, njengalawo aneengxaki zempilo ezifana nesifo seswekile, ukutyeba ngokugqithisileyo, okanye izifo ezibangelwa yimigudu yokuzikhusela kwizifo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kubantu abakhulileyo, ngenxa yokwanda kweemeko zempilo kwakunye nokudodobala kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekuguleni. I-coronavirus ichaphazela iindlela zokuphefumla eziphezulu, kuquka nemiphunga. Ingena kwiiseli ize iziyalele ukuba zenze iikopi zale ntsholongwane. Emva koko le seli iyaqhekeka ize ithumele iikopi ezintsha zentsholongwane kwezinye iiseli. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba akukho mpendulo yomzimba esebenzayo, isigulana siya kufa ngenxa yomonakalo wamaphaphu, ingakumbi ngeentlobo ze-COVID-19 ezingaphambi kwe-Omicron. Ngexesha lokuvalwa, kuncinane ukunxibelelana kwabantu, nto leyo enciphisa ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane. Noko ke, ukuthintela unxibelelwano nabantu kunemiphumo emibi. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokuvalwa kwezindlu kwabakho abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2,5 abasesichengeni sokusilela ekufundeni (<unk>Jongeren<unk> 2021') ("Education and COVID-19", 2022). Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho kwe-OSF Healthcare, "Umyinge weeveki zokutyelela kwisebe likaxakeka ngenxa yokurhanelwa ukuzama ukuzibulala kwamantombazana amancinane unyuke ngaphezu kwama-50% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo" (OSF Health Care, 2021). Ngaloo ndlela, nangona ubomi obungakumbi busesichengeni, ngokuthabatha amanyathelo ongezelelekileyo kwabo bakwiqela elisengozini, umntu unokuwuvula ngokukhuselekileyo kwakhona umbutho aze athintele ukuzibulala nokungakwazi ukufunda kwabaselula. Ngaphezu koko, izitofu zokugonya zinokuthintela ukonakala okukhulu kwezicwili ukuba kungenzeki kwasekuqaleni. Ngokwembono yoluntu, i-coronavirus iye yangqineka 'ingumbandela owahlulahlula abantu' nto leyo ebangela ukuba abanye abantu bangafuni ukutofelwa. Abemi abaninzi bayayeka ukugonywa bengakhange bayiqonde imiphumo yoko. Zimbini iindidi zamachiza okugonya: i-mRNA ne-virus vector. Isitofu sokugonya se-mRNA se-COVID-19 sasisesokuqala sokugonya se-mRNA esasetyenziswa kuluntu ngokubanzi. Izitofu zokugonya ze-mRNA zine-RNA ngaphakathi kwi-lipids enceda i-RNA ukuba ingene kwiseli. IiRibosomes zifunda i-RNA zize ziyalele iiseli ukuba zenze iiproteni ezifanayo nezo ze-SARS-CoV-2. Umzimba uyayiqonda into yokuba iiproteni zeCorona spike zingenelele yaye uvelisa amajoni omzimba ukuze azitshabalalise. Xa kuthelekiswa, izitofu zokugonya ezibangelwa yintsholongwane zifaka ikopi engenangozi yentsholongwane eneDNA efanayo yeprotheni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasele ize iyikhumbule. Kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo zokugonya, iiseli ze-B ezikhumbulayo ziya kuqhubeka zivelisa amajoni omzimba xa kunokwenzeka loo mntu achanabeke kwintsholongwane yokwenene kwixesha elizayo. NgokukaGqr. Stahel, <unk>iOmicron iguquke kakhulu kangangokuba ayinabuntu kangako ngokwemigangatho ye-antibodies evela kwi-vaccine eyiqondayo, ngoko ke, impendulo kukugonywa, kuba uya kuyongamela intsholongwane ngobungakanani bokuphendula komzimba nokuba akukho nto ihambelana nayo <unk> (Grossman and Stahel, 2022). Ngaloo ndlela, idosi yokuqala yogonyo, yaye kutshanje, idosi yokugonya yokugxininisa idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni usulelo, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi ekunciphiseni amathuba okugula kakhulu nokufa. Noko ke, uhlolisiso olutsha lubonise ukuba ukhuselo olusebenzayo lunokuphela kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ukufumana idosi yonyaka, efana nomkhuhlane (Doucleff). I-13.6% yabemi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-18 ubudala bayala ukugonywa, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokungathembi urhulumente (Vaccinations COVID-19 vaccinations, 2022). Oku kuthintela iziphumo zokukhuselwa komhlambi, ingcamango ethi xa abantu abaneleyo begonyelwe intsholongwane ayisayi kuba nako ukusasazeka ngenxa yokuba bonke abantu abajoliswe kubo bengenayo intsholongwane. Okokugqibela, ubani umele acinge ngemiphumo yezoqoqosho yokuvalwa kwezindlu. Ukuvalwa kwezindlu kwabangela ukungaqeshwa okukhulu, ingakumbi kwabo babesebenza kwishishini lezokuhamba. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho kweWorld Economic Forum, abantu abazizigidi ezili-114 baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo ngowama-2020 (Richter, 2021). Ngaphezu koko, ukuvalwa kweentolongo ehlabathini lonke kuye kwabangela ilahleko yemali efikelela kwi-EUR 3.2 trillion kwingeniso yabasebenzi. Nokuba kunemiphumo emibi kwezoqoqosho, ubani umele acinge ngenyaniso yokuba ubomi buye babekwa esichengeni xa kungathatyathwa amanyathelo afanelekileyo eCorona. Ngokutsho kwe-NPR, bekuya kuba malunga nama-488 amaxesha amanani eziganeko e-China ukuba amanyathelo angonelanga athatyathwe, ngaloo ndlela kusindiswa izigidi zobomi (Beaubien, 2020). Ukuqukumbela, ngokuqwalasela iCOVID-19 ngokwezopolitiko, ngokokuziphatha, ngokwentlalo nangokwezoqoqosho, ndiqukumbela ngelithi nangona intsholongwane isasazeka kakhulu kwaye iyingozi kumaqela athile, ukuvalwa kwezindlu kusisombululo sethutyana kuphela. Ukuvalwa kwezindlu kuyingenelo kuphela kuluntu lwethu xa ukufa kwabantu okuphezulu kuqalise ukunyuka. Ngoko ke, ngokuthabatha amanyathelo kwangethuba, amazwe anokuluthintela ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane. Ngokomzekelo, kwathatha iinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba ukunxiba imaski kubonwe njengenyathelo elifanelekileyo. Njengokuba kubonisiwe kwi lockdown yokuqala, amashumi amawaka abantu baphulukana nemisebenzi kwaye abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2,5 kwafuneka bafunde kude eNetherlands ("Jongeren", 2021). Ngaloo ndlela, ngokuthatha amanyathelo ngexesha nangokulungiselela, akuyomfuneko ukuba umntu avalelwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukufa kuqala ukuba ngaphezulu, kufanelekile ukunyanzelisa inani elilinganayo lamanyathelo e-corona.