Dangane da nassi na gaba, bayyana na'urar farko mai ƙarfi da amfani da ita.
Context:Tun da daɗewa kafin a san wutar lantarki, mutane sun san cewa kifi mai amfani da wutar lantarki zai iya ba da wutar lantarki. Rubutun tsohuwar Masar da aka rubuta daga 2750 KZ sun ambaci wadannan kifaye a matsayin "Thunderer of the Nile", kuma sun bayyana su a matsayin "masu kare" na sauran kifaye. Kifi na lantarki ya sake ba da rahoto bayan dubban shekaru daga tsoffin Girkawa, Roman da Larabawa masu ilimin halitta da likitoci. Marubutan zamanin dā da yawa, kamar su Pliny the Elder da Scribonius Largus, sun ba da tabbaci game da raunin wutar lantarki da ake samu daga kifin kifi da kuma hasken wutar lantarki, kuma sun san cewa irin wannan raunin zai iya wucewa a kan abubuwa masu ɗauke da wutar lantarki. An umurci marasa lafiya da cututtuka irin su gout ko ciwon kai su taɓa kifin lantarki a cikin begen cewa girgizawar mai ƙarfi za ta iya warkar da su. Al'adun d ̄ a da ke kewaye da Bahar Rum sun san cewa wasu abubuwa, irin su sanduna na amber, za a iya shafawa da gashin cat don jawo hankalin abubuwa masu haske kamar gashin tsuntsaye. Thales na Miletus ya yi jerin abubuwan lura game da wutar lantarki a kusa da 600 KZ, daga abin da ya yi imanin cewa friction ya ba da amber magnetic, sabanin ma'adanai kamar magnetite, wanda ba ya buƙatar rubbing. Thales ba daidai ba ne a gaskanta cewa janyo hankalin ya kasance saboda tasirin magnetic, amma daga baya kimiyya za ta tabbatar da haɗin tsakanin magnetism da wutar lantarki. Dangane da wata ka'ida mai rikitarwa, Parthians na iya samun ilimin electroplating, bisa ga binciken 1936 na Batirin Bagadaza, wanda yayi kama da tantanin galvanic, kodayake ba a san ko kayan aikin na lantarki ne a yanayi ba. Wutar lantarki za ta kasance kaɗan fiye da son sani na ilimi na dubban shekaru har zuwa 1600, lokacin da masanin kimiyya na Ingila William Gilbert ya rubuta De Magnete, wanda a ciki ya yi nazari mai kyau game da wutar lantarki da magnetism, ya bambanta tasirin lodestone daga wutar lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar shafa amber. Ya kirkiro kalmar New Latin electricus ("na amber" ko "kamar amber", elektron, kalmar Helenanci don "amber") don komawa ga dukiyar jawo hankalin ƙananan abubuwa bayan an shafe su. Wannan haɗin ya haifar da kalmomin Ingilishi "wutar lantarki" da "wutar lantarki", wanda ya fara bayyana a cikin littafin Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica na 1646. Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray da C. F. du Fay sun gudanar da ƙarin aiki a ƙarni na 17 da farkon ƙarni na 18. Daga baya a ƙarni na 18, Benjamin Franklin ya yi bincike mai zurfi a kan wutar lantarki, ya sayar da dukiyarsa don ya tallafa wa aikinsa. A watan Yunin 1752 an san shi da cewa ya haɗa maɓallin ƙarfe a ƙasan igiyar kite mai laushi kuma ya tashi kite a cikin hadari mai barazanar sama. A jerin walƙiya tsalle daga key zuwa baya na hannunsa ya nuna cewa walƙiya ya gaske lantarki a cikin yanayi. Har ila yau, ya bayyana halin da ya dace da jaridar Leyden a matsayin na'urar don adana manyan cajin lantarki a cikin wutar lantarki da ke kunshe da caji mai kyau da mara kyau. A shekara ta 1775, Hugh Williamson ya ba da rahoton jerin gwaje-gwaje ga Royal Society game da girgizar da ake bayarwa ta hanyar wutan lantarki; A wannan shekarar ne likitan tiyata kuma masanin ilimin lissafi John Hunter ya bayyana tsarin gabobin lantarki na kifin. A shekara ta 1791, Luigi Galvani ya wallafa abin da ya gano game da kimiyyar lantarki, ya nuna cewa wutar lantarki ita ce hanyar da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suke aika saƙo zuwa ga tsokoki. Batirin da Alessandro Volta ya ƙera a shekara ta 1800, wanda aka yi da zinc da kuma jan ƙarfe, ya ba masana kimiyya tushen wutar lantarki da ya fi ƙarfin na'urorin da ake amfani da su a dā. Ganewar electromagnetism, hadin kan abubuwan lantarki da na maganadisu, ya kasance saboda Hans Christian Ørsted da André-Marie Ampère a cikin 1819<unk>1820. Michael Faraday ya ƙirƙiro motar lantarki a shekara ta 1821, kuma Georg Ohm ya bincika tsarin lantarki a lissafi a shekara ta 1827. Wutar lantarki da magnetism (da haske) an haɗa su gaba ɗaya ta James Clerk Maxwell, musamman a cikin "A kan Layin Layin Layi" a cikin 1861 da 1862.  Yayin da farkon karni na 19 ya ga ci gaba mai sauri a kimiyyar lantarki, ƙarshen karni na 19 zai ga ci gaba mafi girma a aikin injiniya. Ta hanyar mutane irin su Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla da George Westinghouse, wutar lantarki ta juya daga sha'awar kimiyya zuwa kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga rayuwar zamani. A shekara ta 1887, Heinrich Hertz ya gano cewa zafin lantarki da ake haskakawa da hasken ultraviolet yana haifar da wutar lantarki da sauƙi. A shekara ta 1905, Albert Einstein ya wallafa wata takarda da ta bayyana bayanan gwaji daga tasirin hasken lantarki a matsayin sakamakon hasken haske da ake ɗauka a cikin fakiti masu rarrabewa, masu ba da wutar lantarki. Wannan binciken ya kai ga juyin juya halin ma'auni. An ba Einstein lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a shekara ta 1921 don "gano dokar tasirin wutar lantarki". Hakanan ana amfani da tasirin photoelectric a cikin ƙwayoyin hoto kamar waɗanda za'a iya samu a cikin bangarorin hasken rana. Na'urar farko mai ƙarfi ita ce "mai gano gashin tsuntsu" da aka fara amfani da shi a cikin 1900s a cikin masu karɓar rediyo. Ana sanya waya mai kama da gemu a hankali a cikin hulɗa tare da daskararren lu'ulu'u (kamar lu'ulu'u na germanium) don gano siginar rediyo ta hanyar tasirin mahaɗin lamba. A cikin ɓangaren mai ƙarfi, halin yanzu yana iyakance ga abubuwa masu ƙarfi da mahaɗan da aka ƙera musamman don sauyawa da haɓaka shi. Za'a iya fahimtar kwararar yanzu a cikin nau'i biyu: kamar yadda ake cajin electrons, da kuma yadda ake cajin electron da ake kira ramuka. Wadannan caji da ramuka ana fahimtar su ta fuskar kimiyyar lissafi. Kayan gini shine mafi yawan lokuta mai kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa. Kayan lantarki mai ƙarfi ya zo da kansa tare da fitowar fasahar transistor. Na farko mai aiki transistor, a germanium-tushen maki-saduwa transistor, an ƙirƙira ta John Bardeen da Walter Houser Brattain a Bell Labs a 1947, ya bi ta hanyar bipolar junction transistor a 1948.
Na'urar farko mai ƙarfi ita ce "mai gano gashin tsuntsu" da aka fara amfani da shi a cikin 1900s a cikin masu karɓar rediyo. Ana sanya waya mai kama da gemu a hankali a cikin hulɗa tare da daskararren lu'ulu'u (kamar lu'ulu'u na germanium) don gano siginar rediyo ta hanyar tasirin mahaɗin lamba.