Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke NATO
Context:Nkwekọrịta nke Dunkirk bụ nke France na United Kingdom bịanyere aka na ya na 4 Machị 1947, mgbe Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ na mmalite nke Agha Nzuzo, dị ka Nkwekọrịta nke Alliance na Enyemaka Maka Enyemaka na ọ bụrụ na Germany ma ọ bụ Soviet Union nwere ike ịwakpo. Na March 1948, a gbasawanyere njikọ a na Treaty of Brussels ịgụnye mba ndị Benelux, na-akpụzi Brussels Treaty Organization, nke a maara dị ka Western Union. Mkparịta ụka maka njikọ agha sara mbara, nke nwere ike ịgụnye North America, malitekwara n'ọnwa ahụ na United States, ebe iwu mba ofesi ha n'okpuru Truman Doctrine kwalitere nkwado mba ụwa megide omume ha hụrụ dị ka mwakpo ndị Kọmunist, dị ka coup d'état nke February 1948 na Czechoslovakia. Mkparịta ụka ndị a rụpụtara na mbinye aka nke North Atlantic Treaty na 4 Eprel 1949 site n'aka mba ndị so na Western Union gbakwunyere United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, na Iceland. Onye nnọchiteanya mba Canada bụ Lester B. Pearson bụ onye edemede na onye dere nkwekọrịta ahụ.  Ogologo ụlọ nwere akụkụ anọ nwere ọtụtụ ahịrị nke ndị mmadụ nọ ọdụ n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla, na ọkọlọtọ na-ehulata na njedebe. West Germany sonyeere NATO na 1955, nke dugara n'ịkpụzi Warsaw Pact na-asọ mpi n'oge Agha Nzuzo. Nkwekọrịta North Atlantic n'ozuzu ya na-ehi ụra ruo mgbe Agha Korea malitere ntọala nke NATO iji mejuputa ya na usoro agha jikọtara ọnụ. Nke a gụnyere nguzobe nke Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) na 1951, nke nakweere ọtụtụ atụmatụ na atụmatụ ndị agha nke Western Union, gụnyere nkwekọrịta ha na ịhazi akụrụngwa na nkwekọrịta na itinye ndị agha mba ọzọ na mba Europe. Na 1952, e guzobere ọkwa nke Odeakwụkwọ Ukwu nke NATO dị ka onye isi ndị nkịtị nke nzukọ ahụ. N'afọ ahụ, e mekwara nnukwu ihe NATO mere n'oké osimiri, bụ́ Exercise Mainbrace na isonyere Gris na Turkey ná nzukọ ahụ. N'ịgbaso Nzukọ London na Paris, enyere West Germany ohere ịwakpo agha, ka ha sonyere NATO na Mee 1955, nke bụ, n'aka nke ya, ihe dị mkpa na okike nke Warsaw Pact nke Soviet na-achịkwa, na-akọwapụta akụkụ abụọ na-emegide agha nke Agha Nzuzo.  Iwuli mgbidi Berlin n'afọ 1961 bụ oge ọgba aghara nke Agha Nzuzo, mgbe ndị agha 400,000 nke United States nọ na Europe. Obi abụọ banyere ike nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba Europe na United States na-agbada ma na-asọba, yana obi abụọ banyere ntụkwasị obi nke nchekwa NATO megide mwakpo ndị Soviet na-abịanụ - obi abụọ nke dugara na mmepe nke ike mgbochi nuklia France nwere onwe ya na iwepụ France na usoro agha NATO na 1966. Na 1982, Spen nke nwere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ọhụrụ sonyere n'òtù ahụ.  Ntughari nke 1989 na Europe dugara na ntughari nke ebumnuche NATO, ọdịdị, ọrụ, na ilekwasị anya na kọntinent. N'October 1990, East Germany ghọrọ akụkụ nke Federal Republic of Germany na njikọ ahụ, na November 1990, njikọ ahụ bịanyere aka na Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) na Paris na Soviet Union. O nyere iwu ka mbelata ndị agha dị na kọntinent ahụ, nke gara n'ihu mgbe ọdịda nke Warsaw Pact na February 1991 na mgbasa nke Soviet Union na Disemba ahụ, nke wepụrụ ndị isi ndị iro nke NATO. Nke a mere ka e belata mmefu na ngwá agha ndị agha na Europe. Nkwekọrịta CFE nyere ndị bịanyere aka na ya ohere iwepụ ngwá agha 52,000 na afọ iri na isii sochirinụ, ma nye ohere ka mmefu ndị agha nke ndị otu NATO nke Europe belata site na pasent 28 site na 1990 ruo 2015. Na 1990 ọtụtụ ndị ndú ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ nyere Mikhail Gorbachev mmesi obi ike na NATO agaghị agbasawanye n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, dị ka e kpughere site n'ihe ndekọ nke mkparịta ụka onwe onye. Otú ọ dị, ihe odide ikpeazụ nke Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, nke e bịanyere aka na ya mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, enweghị ihe ọ bụla e kwuru banyere okwu nke ịgbasawanye n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.  Akụkụ abụọ dị elu nke mgbidi n'ime ahịhịa ahịhịa n'ihu ụlọ nwere ihu abụọ na windo iko na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ọdịda nke Mgbidi Berlin na 1989 kara akara mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'ọrụ NATO na Europe, a na-egosikwa akụkụ a nke mgbidi ahụ n'èzí isi ụlọ ọrụ NATO. N'afọ ndị 1990, nzukọ ahụ gbasawanyere ọrụ ya n'ime ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke mmadụ nke na-abụbughị nchegbu NATO. N'oge nkewa nke Yugoslavia, nzukọ ahụ mere mbuso agha mbụ ya na Bosnia site na 1992 ruo 1995 na mgbe e mesịrị na Yugoslavia na 1999. Esemokwu ndị a kpaliri nnukwu mgbanwe agha agha mgbe Agha Nzuzo gasịrị. E belatara ma hazigharịa usoro ndị agha NATO, na ndị agha ọhụrụ dịka isi ụlọ ọrụ Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps guzobere.  Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nzukọ ahụ na-achọ ka mmekọrịta dị mma na steeti ndị nweere onwe ha na Central na Eastern Europe, e guzobekwara ọgbakọ ndị nnọchiteanya maka imekọ ihe ọnụ mpaghara n'etiti NATO na ndị agbata obi ya n'oge a mgbe Agha Nzuzo gasịrị, gụnyere mmekọrịta maka udo na Mmekọrịta Mediterranean na 1994, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council na 1997, na NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council na 1998. Ná nzukọ e nwere na Washington na 1999, Hungary, Poland, na Czech Republic sonyeere NATO n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, nzukọ ahụ wepụtakwara ụkpụrụ nduzi ọhụrụ maka ịbụ onye òtù site n'inwe "Atụmatụ Ọrụ Maka Ịbụ Onye Òtù". Atụmatụ ndị a na-achịkwa mgbakwunye nke ndị òtù ọhụrụ nke njikọ ahụ. Nhọpụta nke onye isi ala France bụ Nicolas Sarkozy na 2007 dugara na mgbanwe dị ukwuu nke ọnọdụ ndị agha France, nke rụpụtara na nloghachi na ndị otu zuru oke na 4 Eprel 2009, nke gụnyekwara France ịlaghachi na NATO Military Command Structure, ma na-ejigide ihe mgbochi nuklia nọọrọ onwe ya.  Nkeji edemede 5 nke nkwekọrịta North Atlantic, nke chọrọ ka mba ndị otu na-abịa inye aka na mba ọ bụla so na ndị agha agha, bụ nke mbụ na naanị oge a na-akpọ ya mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e zigara ndị agha na Afghanistan n'okpuru NATO na-eduzi ISAF. Òtù ahụ arụwo ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ kemgbe ahụ, gụnyere iziga ndị na-enye ọzụzụ na Iraq, inye aka na arụmọrụ mgbochi pirate, na na 2011 na-eme ka mpaghara enweghị ụgbọ elu na Libya dị na Nkwupụta UN Security Council 1973.  Mkpokọta Russia nke Crimea butere nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị otu NATO niile, ma bụrụ otu n'ime oge asaa nke edemede 4, nke na-akpọ maka ndụmọdụ n'etiti ndị otu NATO, ka a kpọkuru. Oge ndị gara aga gụnyere n'oge Agha Iraq na Agha Obodo Siria. N'afọ 2014, ndị isi mba ndị so n'òtù NATO kwere nkwa na ha ga-emefu ihe dị ka pasent abụọ nke nnukwu ego mba ha na-enweta n'agha tupu afọ 2024. Na nzukọ nke Warsaw nke afọ 2016, mba ndị NATO kwenyere na ha ga-emepụta NATO Enhanced Forward Presence, nke depụtara battalion anọ dị iche iche na Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, na Poland. Tupu na n'oge mbuso agha Russia nke 2022 na Ukraine, ọtụtụ mba NATO zigara ndị agha ala, ụgbọ agha na ụgbọ elu ọgụ iji wusie akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke njikọ ahụ ike, ọtụtụ mba kpọkwara edemede 4 ọzọ. Na Machị 2022, ndị isi NATO zutere na Brussels maka nzukọ pụrụ iche nke gụnyere ndị isi G7 na European Union. Mba ndị so na NATO kwenyere iguzobe ndị agha anọ ọzọ na Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, na Slovakia, ma rụọ ọrụ nke NATO Response Force maka oge mbụ na akụkọ ntolite NATO.  Ka ọ na-erule June 2022, NATO etinyela ndị agha 40,000 n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ya dị kilomita 2,500 (1,550 mi) iji gbochie mwakpo ndị Russia. E zigara ihe karịrị ọkara nke ọnụ ọgụgụ a na Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, na Poland, bụ́ mba ise ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị agha 259,000 jikọtara ọnụ bụ́ ndị sobu n'òtù NATO. Iji gbakwunye ndị agha ikuku nke Bulgaria, Spain zigara Eurofighter Typhoons, Netherlands zigara ụgbọ elu ọgụ F-35 asatọ, na ụgbọ elu ọgụ ndị ọzọ nke France na US ga-abịarute n'oge na-adịghị anya.  NATO nwere nkwado ọha na eze na mba ndị so na ya.
Òtù Nkwekọrịta North Atlantic (NATO, French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord), ma ọ bụ North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance, Western Alliance, bụ njikọ ndị agha. E guzobere ya site na Nkwekọrịta North Atlantic na 1949 ma bịanye aka na ya na Washington, DC, United States, n'April 4, 1949. Ndị òtù ya na 1949 bụ United States, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark na Iceland. Na February 18, 1952, Gris na Turkey sonyekwara.  Mgbe West Germany sonyeere nzukọ ahụ na 9 Mee 1955, Halvard Lange, Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mpụga nke Norway n'oge ahụ kọwara ya dị ka "oge mgbanwe dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke kọntinent anyị". Nsonaazụ ya bụ nkwekọrịta Warsaw, nke e bịanyere aka na ya na 14 Mee 1955 site na Soviet Union na steeti satellite ya dị ka nzaghachi nye NATO.  Mgbe Agha Nzuzo gasịrị na 1999, mba atọ bụbu ndị Kọmunist, Hungary, Czech Republic, na Poland sonyeere NATO. Na March 29, 2004, mba asaa ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ugwu Europe na n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe sonyeere NATO: Estonia, Latvia na Lithuania nakwa Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, na Romania.  Croatia na Albania natara ọkpụkpọ òkù isonye na NATO na 3 Eprel 2008. Republic of Macedonia nwetara naanị ọkpụkpọ oku nwere ọnọdụ n'ihi na Gris jụrụ ya n'ihi esemokwu aha ya na Gris.  Montenegro sonyeere na 5 June 2017. Ebe ọ gbanwere aha ya iji kwụsị esemokwu ahụ, North Macedonia sonyeere NATO na 27 Machị 2020 wee bụrụ onye otu nke iri atọ ya. Ireland sonyeere NATO na 8 Septemba 2020 dị ka onye na-ekiri.  N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, Finland sonyeere NATO, na-eso mbọ iji sonye kemgbe mbuso agha Russia nke 2022 nke Ukraine.