menene itacen da ya zama dutse
Context:Itace mai dutse, wanda aka fi sani da itace mai dutse (daga tsohuwar Girkanci πέτρα ma'ana 'dutse' ko 'dutse'; a zahiri 'itace ya zama dutse'), shine sunan da aka ba wa wani nau'in itace na musamman, burbushin burbushin halittu na tsire-tsire na ƙasa. Petrifaction shine sakamakon itace ko tsire-tsire masu kama da itacen da aka maye gurbinsu da dutse ta hanyar aikin ma'adinai wanda galibi ya haɗa da permineralization da sauyawa. An sake yin amfani da abubuwa masu rai da ke gina bangon kwayar halitta tare da ma'adanai (galibi silica a cikin nau'i na opal, chalcedony, ko ma'adinai). A wasu lokuta, ana iya kiyaye tsarin asali na jijiyar tushe. Ba kamar sauran burbushin tsire-tsire ba, waɗanda galibi ra'ayoyi ne ko matsewa, itace mai dutse wakilci ne mai girma uku na asalin kayan ƙwayoyin halitta.  Tsarin petrifaction yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, lokacin da aka binne itace a cikin ruwa ko toka mai aman wuta. Kasancewar ruwa yana rage wadatar iskar oxygen wanda ke hana bazuwar iska ta kwayoyin cuta da fungi. Ruwan da ke dauke da ma'adanai da ke gudana ta cikin tarkace na iya haifar da permineralization, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da ma'adanai suka zube daga mafita suna cika cikin sel da sauran sararin samaniya. A lokacin maye gurbin, bangon sel na tsire-tsire yana aiki a matsayin samfuri don ma'adinai. Akwai bukatar a daidaita tsakanin bazuwar cellulose da lignin da ma'adanai don tantanin halitta daki-daki da za a adana tare da aminci. Yawancin kwayoyin halitta sukan bazu, duk da haka wasu daga cikin lignin na iya kasancewa. Silica a cikin nau'i na opal-A, na iya ɓoyewa da shiga cikin itace cikin sauri a cikin yanayin bazara mai zafi. Duk da haka, itace mai dutse yana da alaƙa da bishiyoyi waɗanda aka binne a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin A gandun daji inda irin wannan abu ya zama petrified ya zama da aka sani da petrified gandun daji.
Petrified itace ne daya daga cikin burbushin halittu, shi ne mai shuka wanda ciki part da aka maye gurbinsu da dutse da matsawa da kuma burbushi ta hanyar miliyoyin shekaru