Takaita tarihin NATO
Context:Yarjejeniyar Dunkirk ta sanya hannu ne tsakanin Faransa da Burtaniya a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1947, bayan yakin duniya na biyu da farkon Yakin Cacar Baki, a matsayin Yarjejeniyar kawance da taimakon juna idan har Jamus ko Tarayyar Soviet suka kai hari. A watan Maris na 1948, an fadada wannan kawancen a cikin Yarjejeniyar Brussels don haɗawa da ƙasashen Benelux, suna samar da Kungiyar Yarjejeniyar Brussels, wanda aka fi sani da Western Union. Tattaunawa don haɗin gwiwar soja mafi girma, wanda zai iya haɗawa da Arewacin Amurka, ya fara a wannan watan a Amurka, inda manufofin su na waje a ƙarƙashin Truman Doctrine ya inganta haɗin kai na duniya game da ayyukan da suka gani a matsayin cin zarafin kwaminisanci, kamar juyin mulkin Fabrairu 1948 a Czechoslovakia. Waɗannan tattaunawar sun haifar da sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantic a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1949 daga membobin ƙasashe na Western Union da Amurka, Kanada, Portugal, Italiya, Norway, Denmark, da Iceland. Jami'in diflomasiyyar Kanada Lester B. Pearson shine babban marubucin da kuma tsara yarjejeniyar.  Ɗakin doguwar ɗaki tare da layuka masu yawa na mutane da ke zaune a kowane gefe, da kuma tutar da ke rataye a ƙarshen ƙarshen. Jamus ta Yamma ta shiga NATO a 1955, wanda ya haifar da samuwar abokin hamayyar Warsaw Pact a lokacin Cold War. Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantic ta kasance mai zurfi har sai yakin Koriya ya fara kafa NATO don aiwatar da shi tare da tsarin soja mai hadewa. Wannan ya hada da kafa Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Allied Powers Turai (SHAPE) a 1951, wanda ya karbi yawancin tsarin soja da tsare-tsaren Western Union, ciki har da yarjejeniyar da suka yi game da daidaita kayan aiki da yarjejeniyar da za su kafa dakarun soji na kasashen waje a kasashen Turai. A shekara ta 1952, an kafa mukamin Sakatare Janar na NATO a matsayin babban jami'in farar hula na kungiyar. A wannan shekarar kuma an ga manyan manyan jiragen ruwa na NATO na farko, Exercise Mainbrace da kuma shiga Girka da Turkiyya a cikin kungiyar. Bayan taron na London da Paris, an ba Jamus ta Yamma damar sake yin amfani da makamai, yayin da suka shiga NATO a watan Mayu na 1955, wanda hakan ya kasance, babban mahimmin abu a cikin ƙirƙirar Yarjejeniyar Warsaw da Soviet ta mamaye, wanda ke nuna bangarorin biyu masu adawa na Cold War.  Ginin bangon Berlin a shekarar 1961 ya nuna tsananin tashin hankali na Cold War, lokacin da sojojin Amurka 400,000 ke zaune a Turai. Shakka game da ƙarfin dangantakar tsakanin ƙasashen Turai da Amurka ya ragu kuma ya gudana, tare da shakku game da amincin tsaro na NATO game da yiwuwar mamayewar Soviet - shakku wanda ya haifar da ci gaban 'yancin Faransa na nukiliya da kuma janyewar Faransa daga tsarin soja na NATO a shekarar 1966. A shekara ta 1982, sabuwar dimokiradiyya ta Spain ta shiga wannan kawance.  Juyin Juya Halin 1989 a Turai ya haifar da sake nazarin dabarun manufar NATO, yanayi, ayyuka, da kuma mai da hankali kan nahiyar. A watan Oktoba na 1990, Jamus ta Gabas ta zama wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Jamus da haɗin gwiwa, kuma a watan Nuwamba na 1990, haɗin gwiwar ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar kan Sojojin Sojoji a Turai (CFE) a Paris tare da Tarayyar Soviet. Ya ba da umarnin rage takamaiman sojoji a duk faɗin nahiyar, wanda ya ci gaba bayan rugujewar Yarjejeniyar Warsaw a watan Fabrairun 1991 da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet a wannan Disamba, wanda ya cire ainihin manyan abokan adawar NATO. Wannan ya fara janyewar kashe kudi da kayan aikin soja a Turai. Yarjejeniyar CFE ta ba wa masu sa hannu damar cire kayan yaƙi na yau da kullun guda 52,000 a cikin shekaru goma sha shida masu zuwa, kuma ta ba da damar kashe kuɗin soja na membobin Turai na NATO ya ragu da kashi 28 cikin ɗari daga 1990 zuwa 2015. A cikin 1990 shugabannin kasashen yamma da dama sun ba Mikhail Gorbachev tabbacin cewa NATO ba za ta kara fadada gabas ba, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin bayanan tattaunawa na sirri. Duk da haka, rubutun ƙarshe na Yarjejeniyar kan Ƙarshe na Ƙarshe game da Jamus, wanda aka sanya hannu a baya a wannan shekarar, ba shi da wata magana game da batun fadada gabas.  Sassan bangon biyu masu tsayi na bangon bango a cikin ciyawa na ciyawa a gaban wani ginin da aka gina tare da windows na blue-glass. Rushewar Katangar Berlin a 1989 ya nuna wani juyi a matsayin NATO a Turai, kuma wannan sashin bangon yanzu ana nuna shi a waje da hedkwatar NATO. A cikin 1990s, kungiyar ta fadada ayyukanta zuwa yanayin siyasa da na jin kai wanda ba a damu da NATO ba a baya. A lokacin Rushewar Yugoslavia, kungiyar ta gudanar da ayyukanta na farko na soja a Bosnia daga 1992 zuwa 1995 kuma daga baya Yugoslavia a 1999. Wadannan rikice-rikicen sun haifar da babban sake fasalin soja bayan Yakin Cold. An rage tsarin soja na NATO kuma an sake tsara shi, tare da sabbin runduna kamar Babban Ofishin Kwamandan Sojoji na Turai da aka kafa.  A siyasance, kungiyar ta nemi kyakkyawar alaƙa da sabbin jihohi masu cin gashin kansu na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, kuma an kafa majalisun diflomasiyya don haɗin gwiwar yanki tsakanin NATO da maƙwabtanta a wannan lokacin bayan Yakin Cacar Baki, gami da Partnership for Peace da shirin Tattaunawar Bahar Rum a cikin 1994, da Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council a cikin 1997, da NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council a cikin 1998. A taron kolin Washington na 1999, Hungary, Poland, da Jamhuriyar Czech sun shiga NATO a hukumance, kuma kungiyar ta kuma fitar da sabbin ka'idoji don zama memba tare da "Shirye-shiryen Aikin Membership". Waɗannan tsare-tsaren sun yi mulkin ƙarin ƙarin sabbin membobin ƙungiyar. Zaben shugaban Faransa Nicolas Sarkozy a 2007 ya haifar da babban sauyi na matsayin sojan Faransa, wanda ya kai ga dawowa cikin cikakken memba a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2009, wanda ya hada da Faransa ta sake komawa Tsarin Kwamandan Sojan NATO, tare da kiyaye abin da ke hana nukiliya mai zaman kanta.  Mataki na 5 na yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantic, wanda ke buƙatar ƙasashe membobin su zo don taimakawa kowace ƙasa memba da ke fuskantar harin makamai, an yi amfani da shi a karon farko kuma kawai bayan hare-haren 11 ga Satumba, bayan da aka tura sojoji zuwa Afghanistan a ƙarƙashin jagorancin NATO na ISAF. Kungiyar ta yi aiki da wasu karin ayyuka tun daga wannan lokacin, gami da tura masu horarwa zuwa Iraki, taimakawa a ayyukan yaki da fashin teku, kuma a shekarar 2011 ta aiwatar da yankin da ba a tashi ba a Libya daidai da Kudurin Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1973.  Rushewar Crimea ta Rasha ta haifar da mummunar hukunci daga dukkan mambobin NATO, kuma yana daya daga cikin lokutan bakwai da aka yi amfani da Mataki na 4, wanda ke kira ga shawarwari tsakanin membobin NATO. Lokaci na baya sun hada da lokacin yakin Iraki da yakin basasar Siriya. A taron kolin Wales na shekarar 2014, shugabannin kasashe mambobin kungiyar NATO sun yi alkawarin a karon farko da za su kashe akalla kashi biyu cikin dari na yawan amfanin cikin gida a kan tsaro nan da shekarar 2024, wanda a baya ya kasance jagora ne kawai. A taron kolin na Warsaw na 2016, kasashen NATO sun amince da kirkirar NATO Enhanced Forward Presence, wanda ya tura kungiyoyin yaki masu yawa na kasa da kasa a Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, da Poland. Kafin da kuma lokacin mamayewar Rasha ta Ukraine a shekarar 2022, kasashe da dama na NATO sun aike da sojojin kasa, jiragen ruwa da jiragen yaki don karfafa bangaren gabas na kawancen, kuma kasashe da dama sun sake amfani da Mataki na 4. A watan Maris na 2022, shugabannin NATO sun hadu a Brussels don taron koli na musamman wanda ya hada da shugabannin kungiyar G7 da na Tarayyar Turai. Kasashen mambobin kungiyar NATO sun amince da kafa wasu kungiyoyin yaki guda hudu a Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, da Slovakia, kuma an kunna bangarorin rundunar NATO a karon farko a tarihin NATO.  Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2022, NATO ta tura sojoji 40,000 tare da tsawon kilomita 2,500 (1,550 mi) a gabashin gabas don hana Rasha zalunci. Fiye da rabin wannan adadi an tura su Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, da Poland, waɗanda ƙasashe biyar ɗin suka tara dakarun tsohon NATO da yawa na sojoji 259,000. Don haɓaka Sojojin Sama na Bulgaria, Spain ta aika da Eurofighter Typhoons, Netherlands ta aika da jirgin sama na F-35 guda takwas, kuma ƙarin jiragen saman Faransa da Amurka za su zo nan ba da daɗewa ba.  NATO tana jin daɗin goyon bayan jama'a a cikin ƙasashe membobinta.
Kungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantic (NATO, Faransanci: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord), ko Arewacin Atlantic Alliance, da Atlantic Alliance, da Western Alliance, ƙungiya ce ta soja. An kafa shi ta Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Atlantic a 1949 kuma an sanya hannu a Washington, DC, Amurka, a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1949. Membobinta a cikin 1949 sune Amurka, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Faransa, United Kingdom, Kanada, Portugal, Italiya, Norway, Denmark da Iceland. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairun 1952, Girka da Turkiyya suma sun shiga.  Lokacin da Jamus ta Yamma ta shiga kungiyar a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1955, Halvard Lange, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Norway a lokacin ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mahimmin juyi a tarihin nahiyarmu". Sakamakon shi ne Yarjejeniyar Warsaw, wanda aka sanya hannu a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1955 ta Tarayyar Soviet da jihohin da ke kusa da ita a matsayin martani ga NATO.  Bayan Yaƙin Cold a shekara ta 1999 ƙasashe uku da a dā 'yan kwaminisanci ne, Hungary, Jamhuriyar Czech, da Poland suka shiga NATO. A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2004, wasu ƙasashe bakwai na Arewacin Turai da Gabashin Turai sun shiga NATO: Estonia, Latvia da Lithuania da kuma Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, da Romania.  Croatia da Albania sun sami gayyatar zama membobin NATO a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2008. Jamhuriyar Macedonia ta karɓi gayyatar kawai ta yanayi saboda Girka ta hana ta saboda takaddamar sunanta da Girka.  Montenegro ta shiga a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2017. Bayan canza sunanta don kawo karshen takaddama, Arewacin Macedonia ta shiga NATO a ranar 27 ga Maris 2020 kuma ta zama memba na 30. Ireland ta shiga NATO a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2020 a matsayin mai sa ido.  A watan Afrilun 2023, Finland ta shiga NATO, bayan kokarin shiga tun lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye Ukraine a shekarar 2022.