Bhala indatshana ekhuluma ngokuthi ngabe izindlela zenqubomgomo ye-corona ziyazuzisa yini noma cha emphakathini
Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe mibili yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 nokunye ukuvalwa kwezwe, abantu abaningi eNetherlands bakhathazekile futhi bakhathele yile mikhawulo. Ngokusho kweRijksoverheid, kwaqinisekiswa amacala angu-74,000 eNetherlands ngoJanuwari 28th, kanti kwangeniswa noma kwafa abantu abayishumi kuphela e-ICU abahlobene ne-corona (<unk>Izifo - Amacala Aqinisekisiwe<unk>, 2022). Lokhu kuphakamisa impikiswano: Ingabe uhulumeni kufanele aqhubeke ephoqelela lezi zinyathelo noma cha? Ukuze kutholakale impendulo, umuntu kufanele aqale aqonde igciwane nokuthi lisakazeka kanjani, abese ebheka impikiswano ngombono wezombusazwe, wokuziphatha, wezenhlalo nowezomnotho. Icala lokuqala elibikiwe le-SARS-CoV-2, elibangela isifo se-COVID-19, lafika ngoDisemba 31, 2019 ("Isifo se-Coronavirus", 2022), futhi laqala ukusabela okuxekethile kokungazinzi kwezombusazwe emhlabeni wonke. Lokho okwaqala njengobhadane eChina kwase kufinyelele cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni ngezinyanga ezimbalwa. Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, amazwe amaningi aye athinteka ngamagciwane ahlobene ne-Covid-19 afana ne-SARS. Ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini, bathatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngokushesha. Isibonelo, iChina ibingenamacala angaphezu kuka-110 000 kusukela kwaqala ubhadane, yize inabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 (Worldometer, 2022). Nokho, izwe elingazinzile kangako kwezombangazwe, njengeTurkey, lalingakulungele futhi lahlushwa amacala ayizigidi ezingu-12, nakuba linabantu abayizigidi ezingu-85. Leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa yendlela yalo yokudlulisela emoyeni. Uma umuntu esondelene nomuntu onegciwane, umoya ophuma kulowo muntu onegciwane ungaba negciwane futhi abantu abaphilile bangaliphefumula. Ukugqoka isifihla-buso nokugcina ibanga kusiza ukuvimbela abantu abanegciwane ekusakazeni izinhlayiya zegciwane eduze kwabantu abaphilile. Nokho, emazweni lapho lezi zinyathelo zingazange zilandelwe, kwaba nokwanda okukhulu kwezinga lokufa ngokweqile. Uhlobo olusha lwe-omicron lubonakala lusakazeka okungenani izikhathi ezingu-20 ngokushesha kunohlobo lwangempela ngenxa yokuguquka kwalo okungu-30 (Grossman and Stahel, 2022). Ngenhlanhla, ayibulali kangako ngoba ayihlaseli izicubu zamaphaphu ezigabeni zayo zokuqala (Zimmer and Ghorayshi, 2021). Umuntu angaphinde ahlaziye imikhawulo ye-coronavirus ngombono wokuziphatha: kufanele yini sinciphise izinyathelo ze-corona ngisho noma ukwenza kanjalo kungafaka izimpilo eziningi engozini? Kusukela ngoJanuwari 28th 2021, i-coronavirus inezinga lokufa elingu-0.51%. Lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amagciwane okuphefumula afana nomkhuhlane, onezinga lokufa elingu-0,01%. I-COVID-19 ithinta ngokweqile amaqembu asengozini, njengalabo abanezimo zempilo ezingaphansi njengesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, noma izifo ezizimele. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile, ngenxa yokwanda kwezimo zempilo kanye nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela eziwohlokayo ngenxa yobudala. Igciwane le-corona lihlasela imithambo yokuphefumula engenhla, kuhlanganise namaphaphu. Ingena emangqamuzaneni futhi iyala ukuba enze amakhophi egciwane. Khona - ke ingqamuzana liyaqhuma bese lithumela amakhophi amasha egciwane kwamanye amangqamuzana. Ekugcineni, uma kungekho ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba okusebenzayo, isiguli siyokufa ngenxa yokulimala kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ze-COVID-19 ngaphambi kohlobo lwe-Omicron. Ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa, kunokuxhumana okuncane kwabantu, okunciphisa ukusakazeka kwegciwane. Nokho, ukuvimbela ukuxhumana nabantu kunemiphumela yako eyonakalisayo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwezwe kwakunezingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,5 ezazisengozini yokubuyela emuva ekufundeni (<unk>Jongeren<unk> 2021') ("Education and COVID-19", 2022). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwe-OSF Healthcare, "Isilinganiso sokuvakasha kwamasonto onke emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo ngenxa yokuzama ukuzibulala phakathi kwamantombazane amancane sikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule" (OSF Health Care, 2021). Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma kunezimpilo eziningi ezisengozini, ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe kulabo abasesigabeni esisengozini, umuntu angaphinde avule umphakathi ngokuphepha futhi avimbele ukuzibulala nokukhubazeka ekufundeni kwentsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi yokugoma ingavimbela ukulimala okukhulu kwezicubu ukuba kungenzeki kwasekuqaleni. Ngokombono womphakathi, i-coronavirus ibonakalise ukuthi iyinkinga ehlukanisa abantu, ecindezela abanye abantu ukuba benqabe imithi yokugoma. Izakhamuzi eziningi ziyenqaba ukugonywa ngaphandle kokuqonda ngempela imiphumela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi yokugoma: i-mRNA ne-virus vector. Umuthi wokugoma i-mRNA we-COVID-19 waba umuthi wokugoma wokuqala we-mRNA owasetshenziswa emphakathini jikelele. Imithi yokugoma i-mRNA ine-RNA ngaphakathi kwama-lipid asiza i-RNA ukuba ingene esitokisini. Ama-ribosome afunda i-RNA bese eyala amangqamuzana ukuba enze amaprotheni afanayo ne-SARS-CoV-2. Umzimba ube usubona ukuthi ama-corona spike proteins angabantu abahlaselayo bese udala amasosha omzimba ukuze ababhubhise. Uma kuqhathaniswa, imithi yokugoma ye-virus vector ifaka ikhophi engenabungozi yegciwane eline-DNA efanayo ye-spike protein, okwenza isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni siyihlasele futhi siyikhumbule. Kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo zemithi yokugoma, amangqamuzana e-B akhumbulayo ayoqhubeka ekhiqiza amasosha omzimba uma kwenzeka umuntu ehlangana negciwane langempela esikhathini esizayo. Ngokusho kukaDkt. Stahel, i-Omicron iguquke kakhulu kangangokuba ayinawo amandla okubona ama-antibodies avela emgqonyeni ayibona, ngakho-ke, impendulo yi-booster shot, ngoba uzokhungathekisa igciwane ngobuningi bokuphendula komzimba ngisho noma kungekho ukufana okuphelele (Grossman and Stahel, 2022). Ngakho-ke, imithamo yokugoma yokuqala, futhi muva nje, umjovo wokugomela udlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka, kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu ekunciphiseni amathuba okugula kakhulu nokufa. Nokho, ucwaningo olusha luye lwabonisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenzayo angase aphele phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha, okwenza kudingeke ukuba umuntu athole imithamo yaminyaka yonke, efana nomkhuhlane (Doucleff). U-13.6% wabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 uyala ukugonywa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungathembi uhulumeni (Vaccinations COVID-19 vaccinations, 2022). Lokhu kukhawulela imiphumela yokugomela komhlambi, umqondo wokuthi uma abantu abanele begonywa igciwane ngeke lisaba namandla okusakazeka ngenxa yokuthi bonke abantu ababhekiswe kubo bayagomela. Ekugcineni, umuntu kumelwe acabangele imiphumela yezomnotho yokuvalelwa. Ukuvalwa kwabangela ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi okukhulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo ababesebenza embonini yezokuvakasha. Isibonelo, ngokusho kweWorld Economic Forum, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-114 balahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo ngonyaka wezi-2020 (Richter, 2021). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvalwa kwezwe emhlabeni wonke kwabangela ukulahleka kwemali engenayo yabasebenzi okulinganiselwa ku-€3.2 trillion. Ngisho nangemiphumela yezomnotho ebhubhisayo, umuntu kufanele acabangele iqiniso lokuthi izimpilo zibekwa engozini lapho kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele ze-corona. Ngokusho kwe-NPR, bekungaba namacala aphindwe cishe izikhathi ezingama-488 eChina ukube bekuthathwe izinyathelo ezinganele, ngaleyo ndlela kusindiswe izigidi zabantu (Beaubien, 2020). Ekuphetheni, ngokubheka i-COVID-19 ngombono wezombusazwe, wokuziphatha, wezenhlalakahle kanye nowezomnotho, ngiphetha ngokuthi yize leli gciwane lithelelana kakhulu futhi libulala amaqembu athile, ukuvalwa kwezindlu kuyisixazululo sesikhashana kuphela. Ukuvalelwa kuyasiza kuphela emphakathini wethu uma ukufa kwabantu ngokweqile sekuqala ukukhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ngokuthatha izinyathelo kusenesikhathi, amazwe angakunqanda ukusakazeka kwaleli gciwane. Ngokwesibonelo, kwathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba ukugqoka isifihla-buso kubonakale kuyisinyathelo esiphumelelayo. Njengoba kubonwe ekuvalweni kokuqala, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu balahlekelwa imisebenzi futhi izingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,5 kwadingeka zifunde kude eNetherlands ("Jongeren", 2021). Ngakho-ke, ngokuthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi nangokulungiselela, umuntu akudingeki ukuba avalelwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ukufa kuqala ukuba ngokweqile, kufanelekile ukuphoqelela inani elilinganayo lezinyathelo ze-corona.